Methods and systems for recovering hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir comprising a wellbore, where hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir is impeded due to collection of liquids, including water, in the wellbore, the methods and systems comprising introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore.
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22. A system for introducing at least one alkali metal silicide into a wellbore and receiving hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore, the system being fluidly coupled to a wellbore and comprising:
an insertion chamber;
at least one alkali metal silicide;
a wellhead comprising a flow line, where the wellhead is configured to receive the at least one alkali metal silicide from the insertion chamber and introduce the at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, and the flow line is configured to receive hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore; and
a valve configured to open or close a passage between the insertion chamber and the wellhead, where the valve is located aboveground,
where a center axis of the insertion chamber is parallel to and above a center axis of the wellbore.
10. A method of deliquifying a hydrocarbon gas well comprising a wellbore, where hydrocarbon gas flow from the well is impeded due to collection of liquids in the wellbore, the method comprising:
introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into an insertion chamber connected to the wellbore;
increasing pressure within the insertion chamber via a reaction with the at least one alkali metal silicide and water until the pressure reaches a pre-determined pressure, where the reaction generates heat and hydrogen gas; and
releasing the composition into the wellbore, thereby displacing the liquids from the wellbore,
where the composition is encapsulated in a polymer,
where the polymer comprises a polyanhydride, and
where the composition is introduced into the wellbore in batches.
1. A method of recovering hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir comprising a wellbore, the method comprising:
introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, where the at least one alkali metal silicide reacts with water in the wellbore to generate heat and hydrogen gas, thereby displacing liquids from the wellbore and restoring hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir; and
recovering hydrocarbon gas from the subterranean reservoir,
where the hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir is initially impeded due to collection of the liquids, including water, in the wellbore,
where the composition is introduced into the wellbore in batches,
where the composition is encapsulated in a self-degrading polymer, and
where about 100 kg of the composition is introduced into the wellbore in 10 kg batches.
2. The method of
where the hydrocarbon gas flow comprises H2 gas, and
where H2 gas disrupts the hydrostatic force present in the wellbore, allowing the hydrocarbon gas to escape and be collected.
4. The method of
5. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
11. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
16. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. The method of
25. The system of
where the pre-determined pressure is in a range from about 1 pounds per square inch (psi) to about 2000 psi.
26. The system of
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Mining of natural gas, such as hydrocarbon gas, is primarily achieved by drilling a hole (a “well”) into a subterranean reservoir that contains the hydrocarbon gas. The pressure in the subterranean reservoir is generally greater than the pressure on the surface. Once the subterranean reservoir is tapped, the gas travels naturally through the well to the surface, where the pressure is less.
When hydrocarbon gas travels through the well to the surface, liquids, such as crude oil or water, can be pushed along with the gas into the well. Over time, two events generally occur: (1) the rate of hydrocarbon gas exiting the well decreases as the difference in pressure between the reservoir and the surface (in addition to the head pressure) decreases; and (2) liquid condenses and accumulates in the well, forming a “fluid column.” The fluid column can form a barrier that prevents hydrocarbon gas from traveling through the well to the surface. This effect is exacerbated as the pressure in the subterranean reservoir decreases and hydrocarbon gases condense. If the fluid cannot be removed, and the gas cannot be lifted out of the well, the well may be prematurely abandoned before the hydrocarbon gas resources in the subterranean reservoir are depleted.
The present disclosure provides, among other things, methods and systems to address the problem of reduced flow of hydrocarbon gas due to buildup of liquid in a well. In some embodiments, these methods and systems allow for removal of such liquid (“deliquification”) without the need for additional drilling or machinery or tubulars.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of recovering hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir comprising a wellbore, where hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir is impeded due to collection of liquids, including water, in the wellbore. In some embodiments, the method comprises introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, where the at least one alkali metal silicide reacts with water in the wellbore to generate heat and hydrogen gas, thereby displacing the liquids from the wellbore and restoring hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir.
In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is sodium silicide, lithium silicide, or potassium silicide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises two or more alkali metal silicides.
In some embodiments, the composition is encapsulated in a polymer.
In some embodiments, the polymer is a self-degrading polymer.
In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polyester, a polylactide, a polyanhydride, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the composition is introduced into the wellbore as a solution in a hydrocarbon liquid material.
In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is diesel fuel or crude oil.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 micron to 1 centimeter (cm).
In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one encapsulated alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 micron to 5 cm.
In some embodiments, the wellbore is sealed after introduction of the composition.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of deliquifying a hydrocarbon gas well comprising a wellbore, where hydrocarbon gas flow from the well is impeded due to collection of liquids, including water, in the wellbore. In some embodiments, the method comprises introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, where the at least one alkali metal silicide reacts with water in the wellbore to generate heat and hydrogen gas, thereby displacing the liquids from the wellbore.
In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is sodium silicide, lithium silicide, or potassium silicide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises two or more alkali metal silicides.
In some embodiments, the composition is encapsulated in a polymer.
In some embodiments, the polymer is a self-degrading polymer.
In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polyester, a polylactide, a polyanhydride, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the composition is introduced into the wellbore as a solution in a hydrocarbon liquid material.
In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is diesel fuel or crude oil.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 micron to 1 cm.
In some embodiments, the wellbore is sealed after introduction of the composition.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a system for introducing alkali metal silicide into a wellbore and receiving hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore. In some embodiments, the system is fluidly coupled to the wellbore and comprises an insertion chamber and a wellhead (or christmas tree) comprising a flow line. In some embodiments, the wellhead (or christmas tree) is configured to receive alkali metal silicide from the insertion chamber and introduce the alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, and the flow line is configured to receive hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore.
In some embodiments, the insertion chamber comprises a first pressure gauge.
In some embodiments, the flow line comprises a second pressure gauge.
In some embodiments, the wellhead (or christmas tree) is configured to receive the alkali metal silicide from the insertion chamber once a pre-determined pressure is measured within the insertion chamber by the first pressure gauge.
In some embodiments, the insertion chamber is configured to be sealed after the alkali metal silicide is inserted in the insertion chamber.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides, among other things, methods and systems to address the problem of reduced flow of hydrocarbon gas due to build-up of liquids in a well. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for removal of such liquids (“deliquification”) without the need for additional drilling or machinery or tubulars. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for recovering hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir comprising a wellbore, where the hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir is impeded due to collection of liquids, including water, in the wellbore. In some embodiments, the method comprises introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, where the at least one alkali metal silicide reacts with water in the wellbore to generate heat and hydrogen gas, thereby displacing the liquids from the wellbore and restoring hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir.
As used in the present application, the term “hydrocarbon gas” refers to any natural gas or mixture of gases comprising methane (CH4) or greater level alkanes (for example, ethane, propane, and butane). A hydrocarbon gas can include additional gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or helium.
As used in the present application, the term “alkali metal silicide” refers to metal silicides of the alkali metal group, which includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Examples of alkali metal silicides include lithium silicide (L12S7), sodium silicide (Na4Si4), and potassium silicide (K4Si4). In some embodiments of the methods described within, it is possible to use alkali metal silicides comprising a combination of alkali metals (for example, Na and Li, Na and K, Li and K). Alkali metal silicides react with water to produce, among other things, hydrogen gas (H2) and heat.
As used in the present application, the term “subterranean reservoir” refers to any reservoir containing hydrocarbon gas. The subterranean reservoir exists below the surface of the earth, and to reach the subterranean reservoir and extract the hydrocarbon gas, a hole is drilled from the surface to the subterranean reservoir. This hole drilled into the surface that provides access to the subterranean reservoir is referred to as the “well” or “wellbore.” Some wellbores are equipped with a support along the wall of the wellbore to stabilize it, referred to as “casings.”
As used in the present application, the term “self-degrading polymer” refers to a polymer which can be hydrolyzed. For example, in some embodiments, a self-degrading polymer dissolves upon contact with water. In some embodiments, a self-degrading polymer dissolves with respect to time and/or temperature. Examples of self-degrading polymer are polyester, polylactide or polyanhydride.
The present disclosure provides methods for deliquifying hydrocarbon gas wells, and thereby allows for recovery of hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir, where hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir is impeded due to collection of liquids, including water, in the wellbore. In some embodiments, the method comprises introducing a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, where the at least one alkali metal silicide reacts with water in the wellbore to generate heat and hydrogen gas, thereby displacing the liquids from the wellbore and restoring hydrocarbon gas flow from the subterranean reservoir.
In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is sodium silicide, lithium silicide, or potassium silicide. In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is sodium silicide. In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is lithium silicide. In some embodiments, the at least one alkali metal silicide is potassium silicide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises two or more alkali metal silicides. For example, in some embodiments, the composition comprises sodium silicide and lithium silicide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises sodium silicide and potassium silicide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises lithium silicide and potassium silicide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises sodium silicide, lithium silicide, and potassium silicide.
In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide comprises two or more alkali metals. For example, in some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide is a sodium and lithium silicide. In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide is a sodium and potassium silicide. In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide is a lithium and potassium silicide. In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide is a sodium, lithium, and potassium silicide.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 microns to 1 cm. In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 microns to 50 microns. In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 50 microns to 100 microns. In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 100 microns to 1 cm.
In some embodiments, the subterranean reservoir comprises a well comprising a wellbore. In some embodiments, the composition is introduced into the subterranean reservoir via the wellbore. In some embodiments, a separate pump or entry is used to introduce the composition directly into the wellbore. In some embodiments, the wellbore comprises a first pipe for introducing the composition, and a second pipe for extraction of hydrocarbon gas.
As noted, alkali metal silicides are reactive with water. Contact of the alkali metal silicide with water will convert the alkali metal silicide to alkali metal silicate, hydrogen gas, and heat. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, the release of hydrogen gas coupled with heat in the wellbore will either cause disruption of the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column, increase pressure at the bottomhole, or both, such that hydrocarbon gas is displaced towards the surface.
In some instances, however, it may be beneficial to delay the reaction of the composition. For example, some wellbores are deep, and the composition may require considerable travel time before coming into contact with a fluid column. Additionally, it is desirable in some instances to have the composition travel through the fluid column, such that the alkali metal silicide is released in a location that is between the fluid column and the “trapped” hydrocarbon gas. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the composition is encapsulated in a polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer may serve as a protective layer that delays contacting the alkali metal silicide with water. In some embodiments, the polymer is a self-degrading polymer. For example, the polymer can degrade upon exposure to specific conditions, such as certain temperatures (for example, temperatures encountered in a well can reach 140-160 degrees Celsius (° C.)), or certain liquids (for example, water). For example, in some embodiments, the polymer can degrade upon exposure to water or diesel fluid. In some embodiments, the polymer can degrade over an extended period of time. For example, in some embodiments, the polymer can degrade over the course of 6 or more hours, 8 or more hours, 10 or more hours, 12 or more hours, 24 or more hours, 36 or more hours, 48 or more hours, 72 or more hours. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polyester, a polylactide, a polyanhydride, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer is a polyester. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polylactide. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises a polyanhydride.
In some embodiments, the composition comprises particles of the at least one encapsulated alkali metal silicide with an average diameter in the range of 5 microns to 5 cm.
In some embodiments, the composition is prepared as a solution in a hydrocarbon liquid material. In some embodiments, the solution is introduced into the wellbore. In some embodiments, the solution is introduced into the wellbore using a coil tubing unit. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is diesel fuel or crude oil or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is diesel fuel. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is crude oil. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon liquid material is a combination of diesel fuel and crude oil.
A system for receiving hydrocarbon gas from a subterranean reservoir is also provided by the present application. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a system for receiving hydrocarbon gas from a wellbore, characterized in that a composition comprising at least one alkali metal silicide has been introduced into the wellbore.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a system for introducing alkali metal silicide into a subterranean reservoir or wellbore. An example system is illustrated in
Once the valve 102 is opened, the alkali metal silicide travels down the wellbore via gravity, eventually reaching the fluid column 106. In some embodiments, the initial speed of travel down the wellbore can be increased. For example, once the alkali metal silicide is placed in the insertion chamber 103, water can be added to start reaction with the alkali metal silicide, and the chamber can be sealed. The alkali metal silicide will then begin to react with the water in a closed space, releasing hydrogen gas and heat, thereby building up pressure within the insertion chamber 103. As noted, the pressure within the insertion chamber 103 can be monitored via the pressure gauge 104. Once a specific or pre-determined pressure is reached, the valve 102 can be opened, releasing the alkali metal silicide into the wellbore at a greater speed than when under the sole influence of gravity.
In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide travels through the wellbore and comes into contact with the fluid column 106. The pressure within the wellbore begins to increase as a result of the reaction in the confined space, in part being confined by the entrained liquids. The pressure within the wellbore can be monitored using a separate pressure gauge 108 (a second pressure gauge) located on a flow line 109. In some embodiments, the wellbore can be sealed after introduction of the alkali metal silicide, thereby increasing the pressure within the wellbore. As fluids or gases rise in the wellbore, or pressure increases, as measured by the pressure gauge 108, gases or liquids can be released by opening valve 107. Gases or liquids, or both, can then travel through flow line 109 for collection or disposal.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a system for introducing alkali metal silicide into a wellbore and receiving hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore. The system includes an insertion chamber and a wellhead (or christmas tree) comprising a flow line, where the wellhead (or christmas tree) is configured to receive alkali metal silicide from the insertion chamber and introduce the alkali metal silicide into the wellbore, and the flow line is configured to receive hydrocarbon gas from the wellbore.
In some embodiments, the insertion chamber further comprises a first pressure gauge.
In some embodiments, the flow line comprises a second pressure gauge.
In some embodiments, the wellhead (or christmas tree) is configured to receive the alkali metal silicide from the insertion chamber once a pre-determined pressure is measured within the insertion chamber by the first pressure gauge. In some embodiments, the pre-determined pressure is a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, indicating that the alkali metal silicide has reacted with water and produced hydrogen gas. In some embodiments, the pre-determined pressure is a pressure between 1 and 2000 pounds per square inch (psi). In some embodiments, the pre-determined pressure is between 1000 and 2000 psi.
In some embodiments, the insertion chamber is sealed after the alkali metal silicide is inserted into the insertion chamber.
In some embodiments, any of the methods for introducing alkali metal silicide into a wellbore can be performed using any system described within.
The methods and systems described in the present application provide deliquification technologies for wellbores. Without being bound by theory, it is proposed that the systems and methods described in the present application deliquify a wellbore or subterranean reservoir due, in part, to the generation of H2 gas and heat due to the reaction of the alkali metal silicide with water. The H2 gas disrupts the hydrostatic force present in the wellbore, allowing hydrocarbon gases to escape and be collected. Said hydrostatic forces are disrupted due to the increase in pressure provided by generation of heat and H2 gas.
Table 1 illustrates the volume of H2 released due to reaction of alkali metal silicide (for example, sodium silicide) with water. In particular, Table 1 illustrates that 1 gram (g) of hydrogen releases about 22.71 liters (L) of H2 gas. In particular, 22.71 L of H2 gas is calculated at standard temperature and pressure (273.15 Kelvin (K), 101.325 kilopascals (kPa), “STP”). The volume of H2 generated is determined using Avogadro's Law and the ideal gas constant (measured in joules/mol*K (Jmol−1K−1)) to calculate molecular volume:
where Vm is the molar volume, V is volume (in liters), n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant (measured in joules/mol*K (Jmol−1K−1), T is temperature (in Kelvins), and P is pressure (in kilopascals).
TABLE 1
Molar mass of H
1
g/mol
Weight of H
1
g
No. of moles of H
1
mol
T (at STP)
273.15
K
P (at STP)
101.325
kPa
Ideal gas volume
22.71
L/mol
Volume of H2
22.71
L
Using the data derived from Table 1, Table 2 illustrates the change in pressure due to introduction of H2 gas into a theoretical system, where the original wellhead pressure is 145 psi, and the average fluid temperature is 339.82 K. For 1 mole of sodium silicide, 10 moles of hydrogen gas are generated:
Na4Si4+10H2O→10H2+2Na2Si2O5+1654(kilojoules/mol)
Table 2 shows that 100 kilograms (kg) of sodium silicide added to a wellbore will generate an increase of 144.21 psi, providing a total pressure of 289.21 psi at the wellhead. The increase in pressure is sufficient to disrupt hydrostatic forces.
TABLE 2
Outer diameter of tubing
4.5
inches
Inner diameter of tubing
3.958
inches
Capacity
0.0152
barrels oil/feet (bbl/ft)
Length of tubing
1000
ft
Fluid level from bottom
50
%
Volume of fluid
1208.303
L
Volume of empty space
1208.303
L
Volume sodium silicide in Chamber
58.823
L
Density of sodium silicide
1.7
grams/milliliter (g/mL)
Weight of sodium silicide in Chamber
100
kg
Molecular weight of sodium silicide
204
g/mol
Moles of sodium silicide
490.2
mols
Moles of H2 generated
4902.0
mols
Original wellhead pressure
145
psi
Avg. fluid temperature
339.82
K
Volume of H2 generated
13933.9
L
Increase in pressure
144.21
psi
Total wellhead pressure
289.21
psi
A table providing specific weight amounts of hydrogen gas at various temperatures, pressures, and physical states (for example, liquid or gas) can be found at https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/hydrogen-H2-density-specific-weight-temperaturepressure-d_2004.html (last accessed Jan. 17, 2019), incorporated by reference herein.
In some embodiments, the present methods and systems intentionally deliver alkali metal silicides to the wellbore and not to the subterranean reservoir. Delivery of alkali metal silicides to the wellbore is advantageous as compared to delivery to the subterannean reservoir. In particular, increased amounts of alkali metal silicide must be used in the subterranean reservoir in order to generate enough pressure to overcome any hydrostratic forces in the wellbore. Moreover, the amounts of alkali metal silicide that must be used risks overpressurization of the subterranean reservoir. Overpressurization of the subterranean reservoir can cause fracturing of the well, or result in a blowout (an uncontrolled release of crude oil or natural gas or both).
In some embodiments, about 100 kg of alkali metal silicide is introduced into the wellbore. In some embodiments, the alkali metal silicide is introduced batchwise. In some embodiments, about 100 kg of alkali metal silicide is introduced into the wellbore batchwise. In some embodiments, about 100 kg of alkali metal silicide is introduced into the wellbore in 10 kg batches. In some embodiments, 10 kg batches of alkali metal silicide are delivered until the wellbore is deliquified.
The foregoing has been a description of certain non-limiting embodiments of the subject matter described within. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the subject matter reported within. Reference to details of the illustrated embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, which themselves recite those features regarded as essential.
It is contemplated that systems and methods of the claimed subject matter encompass variations and adaptations developed using information from the embodiments described within. Adaptation, modification, or both, of the systems and methods described within may be performed by those of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
Throughout the description, where systems are described as having, including, or comprising specific components, or where methods are described as having, including, or comprising specific steps, it is contemplated that, additionally, there are systems encompassed by the present subject matter that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and that there are methods encompassed by the present subject matter that consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited processing steps.
It should be understood that the order of steps or order for performing certain action is immaterial so long as any embodiment of the subject matter described within remains operable. Moreover, two or more steps or actions may be conducted simultaneously.
Bataweel, Mohammed, Karadkar, Prasad Baburao
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