A magnetic tape device, in which a magnetic tape is caused to run between a winding reel and a cartridge reel in a state where a tension is applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and a maximum value of the tension is 0.50 N or more, the magnetic tape after running in a state where the tension is applied is caused to be wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction, and a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas and a number distribution b of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape with a scanning electron microscope satisfy predetermined number distributions, respectively.
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10. A magnetic tape,
which is used in a magnetic tape device, in which the magnetic tape is caused to run between a winding reel and a cartridge reel of a magnetic tape cartridge in a state where a tension is applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and a maximum value of the tension is 0.50 N or more, and the magnetic tape after running in a state where the tension is applied is caused to be wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape,
wherein the magnetic tape comprising:
a non-magnetic support; and
a magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic powder, and
a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV satisfies the followings (1) to (3),
(1) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000,
(2) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000, and
(3) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000, and
a number distribution b of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging the surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV satisfies the followings (4) to (6),
(4) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000,
(5) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000, and
(6) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000.
1. A magnetic tape device comprising:
a winding reel;
a magnetic tape; and
a magnetic tape cartridge including a cartridge reel,
wherein, in the magnetic tape device,
the magnetic tape is caused to run between the winding reel and the cartridge reel in a state where a tension is applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and a maximum value of the tension is 0.50 N or more, and
the magnetic tape after running in a state where the tension is applied is caused to be wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape,
the magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support, and a magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic powder,
a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV satisfies the followings (1) to (3),
(1) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000,
(2) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000, and
(3) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000, and
a number distribution b of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging the surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV satisfies the followings (4) to (6),
(4) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000,
(5) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000, and
(6) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000.
2. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the running is changed.
3. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the magnetic tape has a tape thickness of 5.6 μm or less.
4. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the magnetic tape has a tape thickness of 5.2 μm or less.
5. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the magnetic tape further includes a non-magnetic layer including a non-magnetic powder between the non-magnetic support and the magnetic layer.
6. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the magnetic tape further includes a back coating layer including a non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to a surface side on which the magnetic layer is provided.
7. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the magnetic layer includes two or more kinds of non-magnetic powder.
8. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer includes an alumina powder.
9. The magnetic tape device according to
wherein the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer includes carbon black.
11. The magnetic tape according to
wherein the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is changed during the running.
14. The magnetic tape according to
a non-magnetic layer including a non-magnetic powder between the non-magnetic support and the magnetic layer.
15. The magnetic tape according to
a back coating layer including a non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to a surface side on which the magnetic layer is provided.
16. The magnetic tape according to
wherein the magnetic layer includes two or more kinds of non-magnetic powder.
17. The magnetic tape according to
wherein the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer includes an alumina powder.
18. The magnetic tape according to
wherein the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer includes carbon black.
19. A magnetic tape cartridge comprising:
the magnetic tape according to
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This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-093470 filed on May 28, 2020. The above application is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into the present application.
The present invention relates to a magnetic tape device, a magnetic tape, and a magnetic tape cartridge.
Magnetic recording media are divided into tape-shaped magnetic recording media and disk-shaped magnetic recording media, and tape-shaped magnetic recording media, that is, magnetic tapes are mainly used for data storage such as data back-up or archives (for example, see JP6590102B).
The recording of data on a magnetic tape is normally performed by causing the magnetic tape to run in a magnetic tape device (normally referred to as a “drive”) and causing a magnetic head to follow a data band of the magnetic tape to record data on the data band. Accordingly, a data track is formed on the data band. In addition, in a case of reproducing the recorded data, the magnetic tape is caused to run in the magnetic tape device and the magnetic head is caused to follow the data band of the magnetic tape, thereby reading data recorded on the data band. After such recording or reproducing, the magnetic tape is stored while being wound around a reel in a magnetic tape cartridge (hereinafter, referred to as a “cartridge reel”), until the next recording and/or reproducing is performed.
During the recording and/or the reproducing is performed after the storage, in a case where the magnetic head for recording and/or reproducing data records and/or reproduces data while being deviated from a target track position due to deformation of the magnetic tape, phenomenons such as overwriting on recorded data, reproducing failure, and the like may occur. Meanwhile, in recent years, in the field of data storage, there is an increasing need for long-term storage of data, which is called an archive. However, in general, as a storage period increases, the magnetic tape tends to be easily deformed. Therefore, it is expected that suppression of the occurrence of the above phenomenon after storage will be further required in the future.
In addition, in a case where a running state of the magnetic tape is unstable in a case where the magnetic tape is accommodated in the magnetic tape cartridge for storing the magnetic tape, for example, an edge of the magnetic tape hits a flange normally provided on the cartridge reel and the edge may be damaged.
In view of the above, an object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a unit for causing a magnetic tape to stably run in a case where a magnetic tape cartridge accommodates the magnetic tape, and performing recording and/or reproducing in an excellent manner during recording and/or reproducing of data with respect to the magnetic tape after storage.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a magnetic tape device comprising: a winding reel; a magnetic tape; and a magnetic tape cartridge including a cartridge reel, in which, in the magnetic tape device, the magnetic tape is caused to run between the winding reel and the cartridge reel in a state where a tension is applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and a maximum value of the tension is 0.50 N or more, the magnetic tape after running in a state where the tension is applied is caused to be wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, and the magnetic tape includes a non-magnetic support, and a magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic powder, a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV satisfies the followings (1) to (3), (1) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000, (2) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000, and (3) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000, and a number distribution B of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging the surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV satisfies the followings (4) to (6), (4) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000, (5) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000, and (6) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000.
In addition, according to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a magnetic tape used in a magnetic tape device, in which the magnetic tape is caused to run between a winding reel and a cartridge reel of a magnetic tape cartridge in a state where a tension is applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and a maximum value of the tension is 0.50 N or more, the magnetic tape after running in a state where the tension is applied is caused to be wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, the magnetic tape comprising: a non-magnetic support; and a magnetic layer including a ferromagnetic powder, in which a number distribution A of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of bright areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging a surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV satisfies the followings (1) to (3), (1) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000, (2) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000, and (3) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000, and a number distribution B of equivalent circle diameters of a plurality of dark areas in a binarized image of a secondary electron image obtained by imaging the surface of the magnetic layer with a scanning electron microscope at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV satisfies the followings (4) to (6), (4) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000, (5) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000, and (6) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000.
In one embodiment, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the running may be changed.
In one embodiment, the magnetic tape may have a tape thickness of 5.6 μm or less.
In one embodiment, the magnetic tape may have a tape thickness of 5.2 μm or less.
In one embodiment, the magnetic tape may further include a non-magnetic layer including a non-magnetic powder between the non-magnetic support and the magnetic layer.
In one embodiment, the magnetic tape may include a back coating layer containing a non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to the surface side provided with the magnetic layer.
In one embodiment, the magnetic layer may include two or more kinds of non-magnetic powders.
In one embodiment, the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer may include an alumina powder.
In one embodiment, the non-magnetic powder of the magnetic layer may include carbon black.
According to still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a magnetic tape cartridge comprising: the magnetic tape that is wound around a cartridge reel and accommodated in the magnetic tape cartridge.
According to one aspect of the invention, it is possible to cause the magnetic tape to stably run in a case where the magnetic tape cartridge accommodates the magnetic tape, and perform recording and/or reproducing in an excellent manner during recording and/or reproducing of data with respect to the magnetic tape after storage.
Hereinafter, the above magnetic tape device, the above magnetic tape, and the above magnetic tape cartridge will be described more specifically. Hereinafter, one embodiment of the magnetic tape device, the magnetic tape, and the magnetic tape cartridge may be described with reference to the drawings. However, the magnetic tape device, the magnetic tape, and the magnetic tape cartridge are not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawings.
Configuration of Magnetic Tape Device
A magnetic tape device 10 shown in
The magnetic tape device 10 has a configuration of detecting and adjusting a tension applied in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape from spindle motors 17A and 17B and driving devices 18A and 18B which rotatably control a cartridge reel 130 and a winding reel 16.
The magnetic tape device 10 has a configuration in which the magnetic tape cartridge 13 can be mounted.
The magnetic tape device 10 includes a cartridge memory read and write device 14 capable of performing reading and writing with respect to the cartridge memory 131 in the magnetic tape cartridge 13.
An end or a leader pin of the magnetic tape MT is pulled out from the magnetic tape cartridge 13 mounted on the magnetic tape device 10 by an automatic loading mechanism or manually and passes on a recording and reproducing head through guide rollers 15A and 15B so that a surface of a magnetic layer of the magnetic tape MT comes into contact with a surface of the recording and reproducing head of the recording and reproducing head unit 12, and accordingly, the magnetic tape MT is wound around the winding reel 16.
The rotation and torque of the spindle motor 17A and the spindle motor 17B are controlled by a signal from the control device 11, and the magnetic tape MT runs at random speed and tension. A servo pattern previously formed on the magnetic tape can be used to control the tape speed. A tension detection mechanism may be provided between the magnetic tape cartridge 13 and the winding reel 16 to detect the tension. The tension may be adjusted by using the guide rollers 15A and 15B in addition to the control by the spindle motors 17A and 17B.
The cartridge memory read and write device 14 is configured to be able to read and write information of the cartridge memory 131 according to commands from the control device 11. As a communication system between the cartridge memory read and write device 14 and the cartridge memory 131, for example, an international organization for standardization (ISO) 14443 system can be used.
The control device 11 includes, for example, a controller, a storage unit, a communication unit, and the like.
The recording and reproducing head unit 12 is composed of, for example, a recording and reproducing head, a servo tracking actuator for adjusting a position of the recording and reproducing head in a track width direction, a recording and reproducing amplifier 19, a connector cable for connecting to the control device 11. The recording and reproducing head is composed of, for example, a recording element for recording data on a magnetic tape, a reproducing element for reproducing data of the magnetic tape, and a servo signal reading element for reading a servo signal recorded on the magnetic tape. For example, one or more of each of the recording elements, the reproducing element, and the servo signal reading element are mounted in one magnetic head. Alternatively, each element may be separately provided in a plurality of magnetic heads according to a running direction of the magnetic tape.
The recording and reproducing head unit 12 is configured to be able to record data on the magnetic tape MT according to a command from the control device 11. In addition, the data recorded on the magnetic tape MT can be reproduced according to a command from the control device 11.
The control device 11 has a mechanism of controlling the servo tracking actuator so as to obtain a running position of the magnetic tape from a servo signal read from a servo band during the running of the magnetic tape MT and position the recording element and/or the reproducing element at a target running position (track position). The control of the track position is performed by feedback control, for example. The control device 11 has a mechanism of obtaining a servo band interval from servo signals read from two adjacent servo bands during the running of the magnetic tape MT. The control device has a mechanism of adjusting and changing the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape by controlling the torque of the spindle motor 17A and the spindle motor 17B and/or the guide rollers 15A and 15B so that the servo band interval becomes a target value. The adjustment of the tension is performed by feedback control, for example. In addition, the control device 11 can store the obtained information of the servo band interval in the storage unit inside the control device 11, the cartridge memory 131, an external connection device, and the like.
In the above magnetic tape device, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the recording and/or reproducing is a constant value in one embodiment and changes in another embodiment. In the invention and this specification, the value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is a value of a tension used for controlling a mechanism in which the control device of the magnetic tape device adjusts the tension as the tension to be applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. As described above, the tension actually applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in the magnetic tape device can be detected by, for example, providing a tension detection mechanism between the magnetic tape cartridge 13 and the winding reel 16 in
Magnetic Tape Cartridge
In the magnetic tape cartridge before being mounted on the magnetic tape device and after being taken out from the magnetic tape device, the magnetic tape is accommodated and wound around the cartridge reel in a cartridge main body. The cartridge reel is rotatably comprised in the cartridge main body. As the magnetic tape cartridge, a single reel type magnetic tape cartridge including one reel in a cartridge main body and a twin reel type magnetic tape cartridge including two reels in a cartridge main body are widely used. The magnetic tape cartridge included in the magnetic tape device can be a single reel type magnetic tape cartridge in one embodiment, and can be a twin reel type magnetic tape cartridge in another embodiment. Regarding the twin reel type magnetic tape cartridge, the cartridge reel refers to a reel on which the magnetic tape is mainly wound, in a case where the magnetic tape is stored after recording and/or reproducing data, and the other reel may refer to a winding reel. In a case where the single reel type magnetic tape cartridge is mounted in the magnetic tape device in order to record and/or reproduce data on the magnetic tape, the magnetic tape is drawn from the magnetic tape cartridge and wound around the winding reel on the magnetic tape device side, for example, as shown in
In one embodiment, the magnetic tape cartridge can include a cartridge memory. The cartridge memory can be, for example, a non-volatile memory, and tension adjustment information is recorded in advance or tension adjustment information is recorded. The tension adjustment information is information for adjusting the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. Regarding the cartridge memory, the above description can also be referred to.
Tension During Running and Tension During Winding on Cartridge Reel
In the magnetic tape device, the magnetic tape can run between the cartridge reel (supply reel) and the winding reel to record data on the magnetic tape and/or reproduce the recorded data. In the magnetic tape device described above, the tension is applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during such running. As a greater tension is applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, a dimension of the magnetic tape in a width direction can be more greatly shrunk (that is, can be further narrowed), and as the tension is small, a degree of the shrinkage can be reduced. Therefore, the dimension of the magnetic tape in the width direction can be controlled by the value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape running in the magnetic tape device. In the magnetic tape device described above, the magnetic tape runs in a state where a tension of 0.50 N or more is applied in the longitudinal direction at the maximum. It is considered that, in a case where the magnetic tape is stored in the magnetic tape cartridge as it is after running with such a great tension, the magnetic tape is likely to be deformed during the storage. For example, it is surmised that different deformations occur depending on the position such that, during the storage, in the magnetic tape accommodated in the magnetic tape cartridge, a part near the cartridge reel is deformed wider than the initial stage due to compressive stress in a tape thickness direction, and a part far from the cartridge reel is deformed narrower than the initial stage due to the tensile stress in the tape longitudinal direction. It is considered that, in the magnetic tape accommodated in a state where a great tension is applied, the deformations more greatly vary depending on position. It is considered that this may cause the magnetic head to record and/or reproduce data while being deviated from the target track position, in a case where the recording and/or the reproducing is performed after storage.
Therefore, in the magnetic tape described above, in a case where the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel after the running is performed in a state where the tension of 0.50 N or more is applied in the longitudinal direction at maximum, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is 0.40 N or less. Accordingly, the inventors have considered that, since the magnetic tape can be wound around the cartridge reel with a tension smaller than the tension applied in the longitudinal direction during the running and stored in the magnetic tape cartridge, the occurrence of a phenomenon occurred due to the deformation described above can be prevented.
However, in the studies, the inventors have found that, in a case where the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel with a relatively small tension of 0.40 N or less, the running state of the magnetic tape is likely to be unstable. Meanwhile, in the magnetic tape, the number distribution A satisfies the above (1) to (3) and the number distribution B satisfies the above (4) to (6), regarding the state of the surface of the magnetic layer. The inventors have surmised that this contributes to improvement in running stability in a case where the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less. This is surmised that it is because that, in a case of the magnetic tape in which the number distribution A satisfies the above (1) to (3) and the number distribution B satisfies the above (4) to (6), regarding the state of the surface of the magnetic layer, in a case where the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less, it can be wound in a homogeneous state and/or a contact state with a member (for example, guide or the like which is a constituent member of a transport system) of the magnetic tape cartridge can be more homogeneous. However, the invention is not limited to other surmises described in this specification.
A maximum value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the running magnetic tape in the magnetic tape device is 0.50 N or more, and can also be 0.60 N or more, 0.70 N or more, or 0.80 N or more. The maximum value can be, for example, 1.50 N or less, 1.40 N or less, 1.30 N or less, 1.20 N or less, 1.10 N or less, or 1.00 N or less. The tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the running can be a constant value or can also be changed. In the case of a constant value, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape can be controlled by, for example, the control device of the magnetic tape device so that a constant tension of 0.50 N or more is applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. On the other hand, in a case where the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the running is changed, for example, the dimension information of the magnetic tape in the width direction during the running can be obtained using a servo signal, and the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape can be adjusted and changed according to the obtained dimension information. Accordingly, the dimension of the magnetic tape in the width direction can be controlled. One embodiment of such tension adjustment is as described above with reference to
In the magnetic tape device, in a case where the magnetic tape runs for recording and/or reproducing data, the following embodiment can be provided as a specific embodiment of running the magnetic tape.
Embodiment 1: At the end of running for recording and/or reproducing data, the entire length of the magnetic tape is wound on the winding reel.
Embodiment 2: At the end of running for recording and/or reproducing data, the entire length of the magnetic tape is wound on the cartridge reel.
Embodiment 3: At the end of running for recording and/or reproducing data, a part of the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel and another part thereof is wound around the winding reel.
In the embodiment 1, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is 0.40 N or less, in a case where the entire length of the magnetic tape is wound around the cartridge reel to be accommodated in the magnetic tape cartridge.
In the embodiment 2, first, the magnetic tape is wound from the cartridge reel to the winding reel. In this case, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is not particularly limited. The tension may be a constant value, may be changed, may be as in the above description regarding the value of the tension during the running, or may be not. It is because that, in a case where the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding around the cartridge reel thereafter is 0.40 N or less, the recording and/or the reproducing can be performed in an excellent manner in the recording and/or the reproducing of data on the magnetic tape after storage. The tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding the entire length of the magnetic tape from the winding reel to the cartridge reel is 0.40 N or less.
The embodiment 3 can be any of the following two embodiments. In a first embodiment (embodiment 3-1), a part of the magnetic tape that is wound around the cartridge reel, at the end of the running for the recording and/or the reproducing of data, is wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction during the winding. A second embodiment (embodiment 3-2) is an embodiment other than the embodiment 3-1 of the embodiment 3. In order to wind the entire length of the magnetic tape around the cartridge reel and accommodate it in the cartridge, in the embodiment 3-1, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is 0.40 N or less, in a case where the magnetic tape not wound around the cartridge reel is wound around the cartridge reel. The embodiment 3-2 is the same as the embodiment 2. That is, first, the magnetic tape is wound from the cartridge reel to the winding reel. Then, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding the entire length of the magnetic tape from the winding reel to the cartridge reel is 0.40 N or less.
In any of the above embodiments 1, 2 and 3, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding it around the cartridge reel may be a constant value of 0.40 N or less, or may be changed in a range of 0.40 N or less. The maximum value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding it around the cartridge reel is 0.40 N or less, and can also be 0.30 N or less. The minimum value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding it around the cartridge reel may be, for example, 0.10 N or more or 0.20 N or more, or may be less than the value exemplified here. The tension while winding around the cartridge reel can be controlled by, for example, the control device of the magnetic tape device. In addition, an operation program is recorded in the cartridge memory so that the winding around the cartridge reel is performed by applying the tension of 0.40 N or less in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape after the recording of data on the magnetic tape and/or the running, and the control device may read this program to execute the winding operation.
Magnetic Tape
A scanning electron microscope used for obtaining the number distribution A and the number distribution B in the present invention and the present specification, respectively, is a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As the FE-SEM, for example, FE-SEM S4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. can be used, and this FE-SEM was used in examples which will be described later. The magnetic tape is normally accommodated and circulated in a magnetic tape cartridge. As the magnetic tape to be measured, a magnetic tape taken out from an unused magnetic tape cartridge that is not attached to the magnetic tape device is used.
In addition, in a case of obtaining the number distribution A and the number distribution B, respectively, a coating process on the surface of the magnetic layer is not performed before imaging an SEM image.
Each imaging is performed by selecting a non-imaging region on the surface of the magnetic layer.
The imaged SEM image is a secondary electron image.
The equivalent circle diameter is calculated in 1 nm increments by rounding off one digit after the decimal point and rounding down two digits after the decimal point.
In a case of obtaining the number distribution A, in the measurement of the number of bright areas, a bright area in which only a part is included in the binarized image and the remaining part is outside the binarized image is excluded from the measurement target.
In a case of obtaining the number distribution B, in the measurement of the number of dark areas, a dark area in which only a part is included in the binarized image and the remaining part is outside the binarized image is excluded from the measurement target.
In addition, in the invention and the specification, the “surface of the magnetic layer” is identical to the surface of the magnetic tape on the magnetic layer side.
Measurement Method of Number Distribution
Measurement Method of Number Distribution A
In the present invention and the present specification, the “number distribution A” is the number distribution measured by the following method.
A secondary electron image of the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As imaging conditions, an acceleration voltage is set as 5 kV, a working distance is set as 5 mm, and an imaging magnification ratio is set as 10,000 times. In a case of imaging, a non-imaging region on the surface of the magnetic layer is selected, focus adjustment is performed under the above imaging conditions, and a secondary electron image is captured. A portion (micron bar, cross mark, or the like) for displaying a size and the like is removed from the captured image, and a secondary electron image having a pixel number of 960 pixels×1280 pixels is obtained.
The above operation is performed 100 times at different portions on the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured.
The secondary electron image obtained as described above is loaded into image processing software, and binarization processing is performed by the following procedure. As the image analysis software, for example, free software ImageJ can be used. By the binarization process, the image is divided into a bright area (white portion) and a dark area (black portion).
A threshold value for binarizing the secondary electron image obtained above has a lower limit value of 210 gradations and an upper limit value of 255 gradations, and the binarization processing is executed with these two threshold values. After binarization processing, noise component removal processing is performed by image analysis software. The noise component removal process can be performed by the following method, for example. In the image analysis software ImageJ, the noise cut process Despeckle is selected to remove the noise component.
For the binarized image obtained as described above, the number of bright areas (that is, white portions) and the area of each bright area are obtained by image analysis software. From the area of the bright area obtained here, an equivalent circle diameter of each bright area is obtained. Specifically, an equivalent circle diameter L is calculated from the obtained area A by (A/π){circumflex over ( )}(½)×2=L. Here, an operator “A” represents exponentiation.
The above steps are performed on the binarized images (100 images) obtained above.
By doing so, the number distribution A is obtained.
Measurement Method of Number Distribution B
In the present invention and the present specification, the “number distribution B” is the number distribution measured by the following method.
A secondary electron image of the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As imaging conditions, an acceleration voltage is set as 2 kV, a working distance is set as 5 mm, and an imaging magnification ratio is set as 10,000 times. In a case of imaging, a non-imaging region on the surface of the magnetic layer is selected, focus adjustment is performed under the above imaging conditions, and a secondary electron image is captured. A portion (micron bar, cross mark, or the like) for displaying a size and the like is removed from the captured image, and a secondary electron image having a pixel number of 960 pixels×1280 pixels is obtained.
The above operation is performed 100 times at different portions on the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured.
The secondary electron image obtained as described above is loaded into image processing software, and binarization processing is performed by the following procedure. As the image analysis software, for example, free software ImageJ can be used.
A threshold value for binarizing the secondary electron image obtained above has a lower limit value of 0 gradations and an upper limit value of 75 gradations, and the binarization processing is executed with these two threshold values. After binarization processing, noise component removal processing is performed by image analysis software. The noise component removal process can be performed by the following method, for example. In the image analysis software ImageJ, the noise cut process Despeckle is selected to remove the noise component.
For the binarized image obtained as described above, the number of dark areas (that is, black portions) and the area of each dark area are obtained by image analysis software. From the area of the dark area obtained here, an equivalent circle diameter of each dark area is obtained. Specifically, an equivalent circle diameter L is calculated from the obtained area A by (A/π){circumflex over ( )}(½)×2=L.
The above steps are performed on the binarized images (100 images) obtained above. By doing so, the number distribution B is obtained.
Number Distribution A and Number Distribution B
In the magnetic tape, the number distribution A obtained by the method described above satisfies the following (1) to (3):
(1) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000,
(2) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000, and
(3) the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000.
In the magnetic tape, the number distribution B obtained by the method described above satisfies the following (4) to (6):
(4) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000,
(5) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000, and
(6) the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000.
The magnetic layer is generally formed by using a magnetic layer forming composition including one or more kinds of a non-magnetic powder, in addition to a ferromagnetic powder. The present inventors have thought that the number distribution A of the number distribution A and the number distribution B obtained by the method described above, can be an index of a presence state of a non-magnetic powder (hereinafter, also referred to as an “abrasive”) included in the magnetic layer for imparting abrasiveness to the surface of the magnetic layer on the surface of the magnetic layer. In addition, the present inventors have thought that the number distribution B can be an index of a presence state of a non-magnetic powder (hereinafter, also referred to as a “filler”) included in the magnetic layer for forming a suitable projection on the surface of the magnetic layer to control frictional properties on the surface of the magnetic layer. The control of the number distribution A and the number distribution B can contribute to the improvement of running stability in a case of being wound around the cartridge reel by applying a tension of 0.40 N or less as described above.
Regarding the (1) described above, the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 10,000 to 30,000. The number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or greater than 15,000 and more preferably equal to or greater than 20,000. In addition, the number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or less than 28,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 25,000.
Regarding the (2) described above, the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 7,000 to 25,000. The number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or greater than 8,000 and more preferably equal to or greater than 9,000. In addition, the number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or less than 24,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 23,000.
Regarding the (3) described above, the number of bright areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 1,000 to 3,000. The number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or greater than 1,500 and more preferably equal to or greater than 2,000. In addition, the number of the bright areas is preferably equal to or less than 2,800 and more preferably equal to or less than 2,500. In the one embodiment, the number of bright areas can be less than 3,000. In addition, in the one embodiment, the number of bright areas can be greater than 1,000.
Regarding the (4) described above, the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm is 200 to 50,000. The number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or greater than 1,000, more preferably equal to or greater than 2,000, and even more preferably equal to or greater than 3,000. In addition, the number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or less than 40,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 30,000. In the one embodiment, the number of dark areas can be greater than 1,000.
Regarding the (5) described above, the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter of 51 nm to 100 nm is 200 to 25,000. The number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or greater than 250 and more preferably equal to or greater than 300. In addition, the number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or less than 20,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 15,000.
Regarding the (6) described above, the number of dark areas having an equivalent circle diameter equal to or greater than 101 nm is 0 to 2,000. The number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or greater than 10 and more preferably equal to or greater than 20. In addition, the number of the dark areas is preferably equal to or less than 1,500 and more preferably equal to or less than 1,000. In the one embodiment, the number of dark areas can be less than 200.
The number distribution A and the number distribution B can be controlled by the kinds of components added to the magnetic layer forming composition used for forming the magnetic layer and a method for preparing such a composition (for example, dispersion method, classification method, or the like). For specific examples of the control method, the examples which will be described later can also be referred to.
Hereinafter, the magnetic tape will be described more specifically.
Magnetic Layer
Ferromagnetic Powder
As the ferromagnetic powder included in the magnetic layer, a well-known ferromagnetic powder can be used as one kind or in combination of two or more kinds as the ferromagnetic powder used in the magnetic layer of various magnetic recording media. It is preferable to use a ferromagnetic powder having an average particle size as the ferromagnetic powder, from a viewpoint of improvement of a recording density. From this viewpoint, an average particle size of the ferromagnetic powder is preferably equal to or smaller than 50 nm, more preferably equal to or smaller than 45 nm, even more preferably equal to or smaller than 40 nm, further preferably equal to or smaller than 35 nm, further more preferably equal to or smaller than 30 nm, further even more preferably equal to or smaller than 25 nm, and still preferably equal to or smaller than 20 nm. Meanwhile, from a viewpoint of stability of magnetization, the average particle size of the ferromagnetic powder is preferably equal to or greater than 5 nm, more preferably equal to or greater than 8 nm, even more preferably equal to or greater than 10 nm, still preferably equal to or greater than 15 nm, and still more preferably equal to or greater than 20 nm.
Hexagonal Ferrite Powder
As a preferred specific example of the ferromagnetic powder, a hexagonal ferrite powder can be used. For details of the hexagonal ferrite powder, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0012 to 0030 of JP2011-225417A, paragraphs 0134 to 0136 of JP2011-216149A, paragraphs 0013 to 0030 of JP2012-204726A, and paragraphs 0029 to 0084 of JP2015-127985A can be referred to, for example.
In the invention and the specification, the “hexagonal ferrite powder” is a ferromagnetic powder in which a hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure is detected as a main phase by X-ray diffraction analysis. The main phase is a structure to which a diffraction peak at the highest intensity in an X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the X-ray diffraction analysis belongs. For example, in a case where the diffraction peak at the highest intensity in the X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the X-ray diffraction analysis belongs to a hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure, it is determined that the hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure is detected as a main phase. In a case where only a single structure is detected by the X-ray diffraction analysis, this detected structure is set as a main phase. The hexagonal ferrite type crystal structure includes at least an iron atom, a divalent metal atom, and an oxygen atom as constituting atoms. A divalent metal atom is a metal atom which can be divalent cations as ions, and examples thereof include an alkali earth metal atom such as a strontium atom, a barium atom, or a calcium atom, and a lead atom. In the invention and the specification, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder is powder in which a main divalent metal atom included in this powder is a strontium atom, and the hexagonal barium ferrite powder is a powder in which a main divalent metal atom included in this powder is a barium atom. The main divalent metal atom is a divalent metal atom occupying the greatest content in the divalent metal atom included in the powder based on atom %. However, the divalent metal atom described above does not include rare earth atom. The “rare earth atom” of the invention and the specification is selected from the group consisting of a scandium atom (Sc), an yttrium atom (Y), and a lanthanoid atom. The lanthanoid atom is selected from the group consisting of a lanthanum atom (La), a cerium atom (Ce), a praseodymium atom (Pr), a neodymium atom (Nd), a promethium atom (Pm), a samarium atom (Sm), an europium atom (Eu), a gadolinium atom (Gd), a terbium atom (Tb), a dysprosium atom (Dy), a holmium atom (Ho), an erbium atom (Er), a thulium atom (Tm), an ytterbium atom (Yb), and a lutetium atom (Lu).
Hereinafter, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder which is one embodiment of the hexagonal ferrite powder will be described more specifically.
An activation volume of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder is preferably 800 to 1,600 nm3. The atomized hexagonal strontium ferrite powder showing the activation volume in the range described above is suitable for manufacturing a magnetic tape exhibiting excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics. The activation volume of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder is preferably equal to or greater than 800 nm3, and can also be, for example, equal to or greater than 850 nm3. In addition, from a viewpoint of further improving the electromagnetic conversion characteristics, the activation volume of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder is more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,500 nm3, even more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,400 nm3, still preferably equal to or smaller than 1,300 nm3, still more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,200 nm3, and still even more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,100 nm3. The same applies to the activation volume of the hexagonal barium ferrite powder.
The “activation volume” is a unit of magnetization reversal and an index showing a magnetic magnitude of the particles. Regarding the activation volume and an anisotropy constant Ku which will be described later disclosed in the invention and the specification, magnetic field sweep rates of a coercivity Hc measurement part at time points of 3 minutes and 30 minutes are measured by using an oscillation sample type magnetic-flux meter (measurement temperature: 23° C.±1° C.), and the activation volume and the anisotropy constant Ku are values acquired from the following relational expression of Hc and an activation volume V. A unit of the anisotropy constant Ku is 1 erg/cc=1.0×10−1 J/m3.
Hc=2Ku/Ms{1−[(kT/KuV)ln(At/0.693)]1/2}
[In the expression, Ku: anisotropy constant (unit: J/m3), Ms: saturation magnetization (unit: kA/m), k: Boltzmann's constant, T: absolute temperature (unit: K), V: activation volume (unit: cm3), A: spin precession frequency (unit: s−1), and t: magnetic field reversal time (unit: s)]
The anisotropy constant Ku can be used as an index of reduction of thermal fluctuation, that is, improvement of thermal stability. The hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can preferably have Ku equal to or greater than 1.8×105 J/m3, and more preferably have Ku equal to or greater than 2.0×105 J/m3. In addition, Ku of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can be, for example, equal to or smaller than 2.5×105 J/m3. However, the high Ku is preferable, because it means high thermal stability, and thus, Ku is not limited to the exemplified value.
The hexagonal strontium ferrite powder may or may not include the rare earth atom. In a case where the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder includes the rare earth atom, a content (bulk content) of the rare earth atom is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom. In the one embodiment, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder including the rare earth atom can have a rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution. The “rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution” of the invention and the specification means that a content of rare earth atom with respect to 100 atom % of iron atom in a solution obtained by partially dissolving the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder with acid (hereinafter, referred to as a “rare earth atom surface layer portion content” or simply a “surface layer portion content” regarding the rare earth atom) and a content of rare earth atom with respect to 100 atom % of iron atom in a solution obtained by totally dissolving the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder with acid (hereinafter, referred to as a “rare earth atom bulk content” or simply a “bulk content” regarding the rare earth atom) satisfy a ratio of rare earth atom surface layer portion content/rare earth atom bulk content >1.0.
The content of rare earth atom of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder which will be described later is identical to the rare earth atom bulk content. With respect to this, the partial dissolving using acid is to dissolve the surface layer portion of particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, and accordingly, the content of rare earth atom in the solution obtained by the partial dissolving is the content of rare earth atom in the surface layer portion of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. The rare earth atom surface layer portion content satisfying a ratio of “rare earth atom surface layer portion content/rare earth atom bulk content >1.0” means that the rare earth atoms are unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion (that is, a larger amount of the rare earth atoms is present, compared to that inside), among the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. The surface layer portion of the invention and the specification means a part of the region of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder towards the inside from the surface.
In a case where the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder includes the rare earth atom, a content (bulk content) of the rare earth atom is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom. It is thought that the rare earth atom having the bulk content in the range described above and uneven distribution of the rare earth atom in the surface layer portion of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder contribute to the prevention of a decrease in reproducing output during the repeated reproducing. It is surmised that this is because the rare earth atom having the bulk content in the range described above included in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder and the uneven distribution of the rare earth atom in the surface layer portion of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can increase the anisotropy constant Ku. As the value of the anisotropy constant Ku is high, occurrence of a phenomenon called thermal fluctuation (that is, improvement of thermal stability) can be prevented. By preventing the occurrence of the thermal fluctuation, a decrease in reproducing output during the repeated reproducing can be prevented. It is surmised that the uneven distribution of the rare earth atom in the surface layer portion of the particles of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder contributes to stabilization of a spin at an iron (Fe) site in a crystal lattice of the surface layer portion, thereby increasing the anisotropy constant Ku.
In addition, it is surmised that the use of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution as the ferromagnetic powder of the magnetic layer also contributes to the prevention of chipping of the surface of the magnetic layer due to the sliding with the magnetic head. That is, it is surmised that, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution can also contribute to the improvement of running durability of the magnetic tape. It is surmised that this is because the uneven distribution of the rare earth atom on the surface of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder contributes to improvement of an interaction between the surface of the particles and an organic substance (for example, binding agent and/or additive) included in the magnetic layer, thereby improving hardness of the magnetic layer.
From a viewpoint of preventing reduction of the reproduction output in the repeated reproduction and/or a viewpoint of further improving running durability, the content of rare earth atom (bulk content) is more preferably in a range of 0.5 to 4.5 atom %, even more preferably in a range of 1.0 to 4.5 atom %, and still preferably in a range of 1.5 to 4.5 atom %.
The bulk content is a content obtained by totally dissolving the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. In the invention and the specification, the content of the atom is a bulk content obtained by totally dissolving the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, unless otherwise noted. The hexagonal strontium ferrite powder including the rare earth atom may include only one kind of rare earth atom or may include two or more kinds of rare earth atom, as the rare earth atom. In a case where two or more kinds of rare earth atom are included, the bulk content is obtained from the total of the two or more kinds of rare earth atom. The same also applies to the other components of the invention and the specification. That is, for a given component, only one kind may be used or two or more kinds may be used, unless otherwise noted. In a case where two or more kinds are used, the content is a content of the total of the two or more kinds.
In a case where the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder includes the rare earth atom, the rare earth atom included therein may be any one or more kinds of the rare earth atom. Examples of the rare earth atom preferable from a viewpoint of preventing reduction of the reproduction output during the repeated reproduction include a neodymium atom, a samarium atom, an yttrium atom, and a dysprosium atom, a neodymium atom, a samarium atom, an yttrium atom are more preferable, and a neodymium atom is even more preferable.
In the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution, a degree of uneven distribution of the rare earth atom is not limited, as long as the rare earth atom is unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. For example, regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution, a ratio of the surface layer portion content of the rare earth atom obtained by partial dissolving performed under the dissolving conditions which will be described later and the bulk content of the rare earth atom obtained by total dissolving performed under the dissolving conditions which will be described later, “surface layer portion content/bulk content” is greater than 1.0 and can be equal to or greater than 1.5. The “surface layer portion content/bulk content” greater than 1.0 means that the rare earth atoms are unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion (that is, a larger amount of the rare earth atoms is present, compared to that inside), in the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder. A ratio of the surface layer portion content of the rare earth atom obtained by partial dissolving performed under the dissolving conditions which will be described later and the bulk content of the rare earth atom obtained by total dissolving performed under the dissolving conditions which will be described later, “surface layer portion content/bulk content” can be, for example, equal to or smaller than 10.0, equal to or smaller than 9.0, equal to or smaller than 8.0, equal to or smaller than 7.0, equal to or smaller than 6.0, equal to or smaller than 5.0, or equal to or smaller than 4.0. However, in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution, the “surface layer portion content/bulk content” is not limited to the exemplified upper limit or the lower limit, as long as the rare earth atom is unevenly distributed in the surface layer portion of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder.
The partial dissolving and the total dissolving of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder will be described below. Regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder present as the powder, sample powder for the partial dissolving and the total dissolving are collected from powder of the same batch. Meanwhile, regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder included in a magnetic layer of a magnetic tape, a part of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder extracted from the magnetic layer is subjected to the partial dissolving and the other part is subjected to the total dissolving. The extraction of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder from the magnetic layer can be performed by a method disclosed in a paragraph 0032 of JP2015-091747A.
The partial dissolving means dissolving performed so that the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder remaining in the solution can be visually confirmed in a case of the completion of the dissolving. For example, by performing the partial dissolving, a region of the particles configuring the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder which is 10% to 20% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of a total of the particles can be dissolved. On the other hand, the total dissolving means dissolving performed until the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder remaining in the solution is not visually confirmed in a case of the completion of the dissolving.
The partial dissolving and the measurement of the surface layer portion content are, for example, performed by the following method. However, dissolving conditions such as the amount of sample powder and the like described below are merely examples, and dissolving conditions capable of performing the partial dissolving and the total dissolving can be randomly used.
A vessel (for example, beaker) containing 12 mg of sample powder and 10 mL of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 1 mol/L is held on a hot plate at a set temperature of 70° C. for 1 hour. The obtained solution is filtered with a membrane filter having a hole diameter of 0.1 μm. The element analysis of the filtrate obtained as described above is performed by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis device. By doing so, the surface layer portion content of the rare earth atom with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom can be obtained. In a case where a plurality of kinds of rare earth atoms are detected from the element analysis, a total content of the entirety of the rare earth atoms is the surface layer portion content. The same applies to the measurement of the bulk content.
Meanwhile, the total dissolving and the measurement of the bulk content are, for example, performed by the following method.
A vessel (for example, beaker) containing 12 mg of sample powder and 10 mL of hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 4 mol/L is held on a hot plate at a set temperature of 80° C. for 3 hours. After that, the process is performed in the same manner as in the partial dissolving and the measurement of the surface layer portion content, and the bulk content with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom can be obtained.
From a viewpoint of increasing reproducing output in a case of reproducing data recorded on a magnetic tape, it is desirable that the mass magnetization as of ferromagnetic powder included in the magnetic tape is high. In regards to this point, in hexagonal strontium ferrite powder which includes the rare earth atom but does not have the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution, σs tends to significantly decrease, compared to that in hexagonal strontium ferrite powder not including the rare earth atom. With respect to this, it is thought that, hexagonal strontium ferrite powder having the rare earth atom surface layer portion uneven distribution is also preferable for preventing such a significant decrease in σs. In one embodiment, σs of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can be equal to or greater than 45 A×m2/kg and can also be equal to or greater than 47 A×m2/kg. On the other hand, from a viewpoint of noise reduction, σs is preferably equal to or smaller than 80 A×m2/kg and more preferably equal to or smaller than 60 A×m2/kg. σs can be measured by using a well-known measurement device capable of measuring magnetic properties such as an oscillation sample type magnetic-flux meter. In the invention and the specification, the mass magnetization as is a value measured at a magnetic field strength of 15 kOe, unless otherwise noted. 1 [kOe]=(106/4π) [A/m]
Regarding the content (bulk content) of the constituting atom in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, a content of the strontium atom can be, for example, 2.0 to 15.0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom. In one embodiment, in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, the divalent metal atom included in this powder can be only a strontium atom. In another embodiment, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can also include one or more kinds of other divalent metal atoms, in addition to the strontium atom. For example, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder can include a barium atom and/or a calcium atom. In a case where the other divalent metal atom other than the strontium atom is included, a content of a barium atom and a content of a calcium atom in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder respectively can be, for example, 0.05 to 5.0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom.
As the crystal structure of the hexagonal ferrite, a magnetoplumbite type (also referred to as an “M type”), a W type, a Y type, and a Z type are known. The hexagonal strontium ferrite powder may have any crystal structure. The crystal structure can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. In the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, a single crystal structure or two or more kinds of crystal structure can be detected by the X-ray diffraction analysis. For example, in one embodiment, in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder, only the M type crystal structure can be detected by the X-ray diffraction analysis. For example, the M type hexagonal ferrite is represented by a compositional formula of AFe12O19. Here, A represents a divalent metal atom, in a case where the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder has the M type, A is only a strontium atom (Sr), or in a case where a plurality of divalent metal atoms are included as A, the strontium atom (Sr) occupies the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder with the greatest content based on atom % as described above. A content of the divalent metal atom in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder is generally determined according to the type of the crystal structure of the hexagonal ferrite and is not particularly limited. The same applies to a content of an iron atom and a content of an oxygen atom. The hexagonal strontium ferrite powder at least includes an iron atom, a strontium atom, and an oxygen atom, and can also include a rare earth atom. In addition, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder may or may not include atoms other than these atoms. As an example, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder may include an aluminum atom (Al). A content of the aluminum atom can be, for example, 0.5 to 10.0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom. From a viewpoint of preventing the reduction of the reproduction output during the repeated reproduction, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder includes the iron atom, the strontium atom, the oxygen atom, and the rare earth atom, and a content of the atoms other than these atoms is preferably equal to or smaller than 10.0 atom %, more preferably 0 to 5.0 atom %, and may be 0 atom % with respect to 100 atom % of the iron atom. That is, in one embodiment, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder may not include atoms other than the iron atom, the strontium atom, the oxygen atom, and the rare earth atom. The content shown with atom % described above is obtained by converting a value of the content (unit: % by mass) of each atom obtained by totally dissolving the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder into a value shown as atom % by using the atomic weight of each atom. In addition, in the invention and the specification, a given atom which is “not included” means that the content thereof obtained by performing total dissolving and measurement by using an ICP analysis device is 0% by mass. A detection limit of the ICP analysis device is generally equal to or smaller than 0.01 ppm (parts per million) based on mass. The expression “not included” is used as a meaning including that a given atom is included with the amount smaller than the detection limit of the ICP analysis device. In one embodiment, the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder does not include a bismuth atom (Bi).
Metal Powder
As a preferred specific example of the ferromagnetic powder, a ferromagnetic metal powder can also be used. For details of the ferromagnetic metal powder, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0137 to 0141 of JP2011-216149A and paragraphs 0009 to 0023 of JP2005-251351A can be referred to, for example.
ε-Iron Oxide Powder
As a preferred specific example of the ferromagnetic powder, an ε-iron oxide powder can also be used. In the invention and the specification, the “ε-iron oxide powder” is a ferromagnetic powder in which an ε-iron oxide type crystal structure is detected as a main phase by X-ray diffraction analysis. For example, in a case where the diffraction peak at the highest intensity in the X-ray diffraction spectrum obtained by the X-ray diffraction analysis belongs to an ε-iron oxide type crystal structure, it is determined that the ε-iron oxide type crystal structure is detected as a main phase. As a manufacturing method of the ε-iron oxide powder, a manufacturing method from a goethite, a reverse micelle method, and the like are known. All of the manufacturing methods are well known. For the method of manufacturing the ε-iron oxide powder in which a part of Fe is substituted with substitutional atoms such as Ga, Co, Ti, Al, or Rh, a description disclosed in J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metallurgy Vol. 61 Supplement, No. 51, pp. S280-5284, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2013, 1, pp. 5200-5206 can be referred, for example. However, the manufacturing method of the ε-iron oxide powder capable of being used as the ferromagnetic powder in the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape is not limited to the method described here.
An activation volume of the ε-iron oxide powder is preferably 300 to 1,500 nm3. The atomized ε-iron oxide powder showing the activation volume in the range described above is suitable for manufacturing a magnetic tape exhibiting excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics. The activation volume of the ε-iron oxide powder is preferably equal to or greater than 300 nm3, and can also be, for example, equal to or greater than 500 nm3. In addition, from a viewpoint of further improving the electromagnetic conversion characteristics, the activation volume of the ε-iron oxide powder is more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,400 nm3, even more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,300 nm3, still preferably equal to or smaller than 1,200 nm3, and still more preferably equal to or smaller than 1,100 nm3.
The anisotropy constant Ku can be used as an index of reduction of thermal fluctuation, that is, improvement of thermal stability. The ε-iron oxide powder can preferably have Ku equal to or greater than 3.0×104 J/m3, and more preferably have Ku equal to or greater than 8.0×104 J/m3. In addition, Ku of the ε-iron oxide powder can be, for example, equal to or smaller than 3.0×105 J/m3. However, the high Ku is preferable, because it means high thermal stability, and thus, Ku is not limited to the exemplified value.
From a viewpoint of increasing reproducing output in a case of reproducing data recorded on a magnetic tape, it is desirable that the mass magnetization as of ferromagnetic powder included in the magnetic tape is high. In regard to this point, in one embodiment, σs of the ε-iron oxide powder can be equal to or greater than 8 A×m2/kg and can also be equal to or greater than 12 A×m2/kg. On the other hand, from a viewpoint of noise reduction, as of the ε-iron oxide powder is preferably equal to or smaller than 40 A×m2/kg and more preferably equal to or smaller than 35 A×m2/kg.
In the invention and the specification, average particle sizes of various powder such as the ferromagnetic powder and the like are values measured by the following method with a transmission electron microscope, unless otherwise noted.
The powder is imaged at an imaging magnification ratio of 100,000 with a transmission electron microscope, the image is printed on photographic printing paper or displayed on a display so that the total magnification ratio of 500,000 to obtain an image of particles configuring the powder. A target particle is selected from the obtained image of particles, an outline of the particle is traced with a digitizer, and a size of the particle (primary particle) is measured. The primary particle is an independent particle which is not aggregated.
The measurement described above is performed regarding 500 particles arbitrarily extracted. An arithmetic mean of the particle size of 500 particles obtained as described above is the average particle size of the powder. As the transmission electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope H-9000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. can be used, for example. In addition, the measurement of the particle size can be performed by a well-known image analysis software, for example, image analysis software KS-400 manufactured by Carl Zeiss. The average particle size shown in examples which will be described later is a value measured by using transmission electron microscope H-9000 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as the transmission electron microscope, and image analysis software KS-400 manufactured by Carl Zeiss as the image analysis software, unless otherwise noted. In the invention and the specification, the powder means an aggregate of a plurality of particles. For example, the ferromagnetic powder means an aggregate of a plurality of ferromagnetic particles. The aggregate of the plurality of particles not only includes an embodiment in which particles configuring the aggregate are directly in contact with each other, but also includes an embodiment in which a binding agent or an additive which will be described later is interposed between the particles. A term, particles may be used for representing the powder.
As a method for collecting a sample powder from the magnetic tape in order to measure the particle size, a method disclosed in a paragraph of 0015 of JP2011-048878A can be used, for example.
In the invention and the specification, unless otherwise noted,
(1) in a case where the shape of the particle observed in the particle image described above is a needle shape, a fusiform shape, or a columnar shape (here, a height is greater than a maximum long diameter of a bottom surface), the size (particle size) of the particles configuring the powder is shown as a length of a long axis configuring the particle, that is, a long axis length,
(2) in a case where the shape of the particle is a planar shape or a columnar shape (here, a thickness or a height is smaller than a maximum long diameter of a plate surface or a bottom surface), the particle size is shown as a maximum long diameter of the plate surface or the bottom surface, and
(3) in a case where the shape of the particle is a sphere shape, a polyhedron shape, or an unspecified shape, and the long axis configuring the particles cannot be specified from the shape, the particle size is shown as an equivalent circle diameter. The equivalent circle diameter is a value obtained by a circle projection method.
In addition, regarding an average acicular ratio of the powder, a length of a short axis, that is, a short axis length of the particles is measured in the measurement described above, a value of (long axis length/short axis length) of each particle is obtained, and an arithmetic mean of the values obtained regarding 500 particles is calculated. Here, unless otherwise noted, in a case of (1), the short axis length as the definition of the particle size is a length of a short axis configuring the particle, in a case of (2), the short axis length is a thickness or a height, and in a case of (3), the long axis and the short axis are not distinguished, thus, the value of (long axis length/short axis length) is assumed as 1, for convenience.
In addition, unless otherwise noted, in a case where the shape of the particle is specified, for example, in a case of definition of the particle size (1), the average particle size is an average long axis length, and in a case of the definition (2), the average particle size is an average plate diameter. In a case of the definition (3), the average particle size is an average diameter (also referred to as an average particle diameter).
The content (filling percentage) of the ferromagnetic powder of the magnetic layer is preferably 50% to 90% by mass and more preferably 60% to 90% by mass. A high filling percentage of the ferromagnetic powder in the magnetic layer is preferable from a viewpoint of improvement of recording density.
Binding Agent
The magnetic tape may be a coating type magnetic tape, and can include a binding agent in the magnetic layer. The binding agent is one or more kinds of resin. As the binding agent, various resins normally used as a binding agent of a coating type magnetic recording medium can be used. As the binding agent, a resin selected from a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a vinyl chloride resin, an acrylic resin obtained by copolymerizing styrene, acrylonitrile, or methyl methacrylate, a cellulose resin such as nitrocellulose, an epoxy resin, a phenoxy resin, and a polyvinylalkylal resin such as polyvinyl acetal or polyvinyl butyral can be used alone or a plurality of resins can be mixed with each other to be used. Among these, a polyurethane resin, an acrylic resin, a cellulose resin, and a vinyl chloride resin are preferable. These resins may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. These resins can be used as the binding agent even in the non-magnetic layer and/or a back coating layer which will be described later.
For the binding agent described above, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0028 to 0031 of JP2010-024113A can be referred to. An average molecular weight of the resin used as the binding agent can be, for example, 10,000 to 200,000 as a weight-average molecular weight.
Curing Agent
A curing agent can also be used together with the resin which can be used as the binding agent. As the curing agent, in one embodiment, a thermosetting compound which is a compound in which a curing reaction (crosslinking reaction) proceeds due to heating can be used, and in another embodiment, a photocurable compound in which a curing reaction (crosslinking reaction) proceeds due to light irradiation can be used. At least a part of the curing agent is included in the magnetic layer in a state of being reacted (crosslinked) with other components such as the binding agent, by proceeding the curing reaction in the magnetic layer forming step. This point is the same as regarding a layer formed by using a composition, in a case where the composition used for forming the other layer includes the curing agent. The preferred curing agent is a thermosetting compound, and polyisocyanate is suitable. For the details of polyisocyanate, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0124 and 0125 of JP2011-216149A can be referred to. The amount of the curing agent can be, for example, 0 to 80.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the binding agent in the magnetic layer forming composition, and is preferably 50.0 to 80.0 parts by mass, from a viewpoint of improvement of hardness of the magnetic layer.
Additives
The magnetic layer may include one or more kinds of additives, as necessary. As the additives, the curing agent described above is used as an example. In addition, examples of the additive included in the magnetic layer include a non-magnetic powder, a lubricant, a dispersing agent, a dispersing assistant, a fungicide, an antistatic agent, and an antioxidant. For the lubricant, a description disclosed in paragraphs 0030 to 0033, 0035, and 0036 of JP2016-126817A can be referred to. The lubricant may be included in the non-magnetic layer which will be described later. For the lubricant which can be included in the non-magnetic layer, a description disclosed in paragraphs 0030, 0031, 0034 to 0036 of JP2016-126817A can be referred to. For the dispersing agent, a description disclosed in paragraphs 0061 and 0071 of JP2012-133837A can be referred to.
As the dispersing agent which can be added to the magnetic layer forming composition, a well-known dispersing agent for increasing dispersibility of a ferromagnetic powder in a carboxy group-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing compound, or the like can also be used. For example, the nitrogen-containing compound may be any of primary amine represented by NH2R, secondary amine represented by NHR2, and tertiary amine represented by NR3. As described above, R indicates any structure configuring the nitrogen-containing compound and a plurality of R may be the same as each other or different from each other. The nitrogen-containing compound may be a compound (polymer) having a plurality of repeating structures in a molecule. It is thought that a nitrogen-containing portion of the nitrogen-containing compound functioning as an adsorption portion to the surface of the particles of the ferromagnetic powder is a reason for the nitrogen-containing compound to function as the dispersing agent. As the carboxy group-containing compound, for example, fatty acid of oleic acid can be used. Regarding the carboxy group-containing compound, it is thought that a carboxy group functioning as an adsorption portion to the surface of the particles of the ferromagnetic powder is a reason for the carboxy group-containing compound to function as the dispersing agent. It is also preferable to use the carboxy group-containing compound and the nitrogen-containing compound in combination. The amount of these dispersing agent used can be suitably set.
The dispersing agent may be added to a non-magnetic layer forming composition. For the dispersing agent which can be added to the non-magnetic layer forming composition, a description disclosed in paragraph 0061 of JP2012-133837A can be referred to.
Abrasive
As described above, it is considered that the number distribution A can be an index of the presence state of the abrasive on the surface of the magnetic layer. Accordingly, the number distribution A can be controlled by the kind of the non-magnetic powder added as an abrasive. The abrasive is preferably a non-magnetic powder having Mohs hardness exceeding 8 and more preferably a non-magnetic powder having Mohs hardness equal to or greater than 9. A maximum value of Mohs hardness is 10. The abrasive can be a powder of an inorganic substance and can also be a powder of an organic substance. The abrasive can be a powder of an inorganic or organic oxide or a powder of a carbide. Examples of the carbide include a boron carbide (for example, B4C), a titanium carbide (for example, TiC), and the like. In addition, diamond can also be used as the abrasive. In the one embodiment, the abrasive is preferably a powder of an inorganic oxide. Specifically, examples of the inorganic oxide include alumina (for example, Al2O3), a titanium oxide (for example, TiO2), a cerium oxide (for example, CeO2), a zirconium oxide (for example, ZrO2), and the like, and alumina is preferable among these. The Mohs hardness of alumina is approximately 9. For details of the alumina powder, description disclosed in paragraph 0021 of JP2013-229090A can also be referred to. In addition, a specific surface area can be used as an index of a particle size of the abrasive. It is thought that, as the specific surface area is large, the particle size of primary particles of the particles configuring the abrasive is small. As the abrasive, it is preferable to use an abrasive having a specific surface area measured by a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method (hereinafter referred to as a “BET specific surface area”) equal to or greater than 14 m2/g. In addition, from a viewpoint of dispersibility, it is preferable to use an abrasive having a BET specific surface area equal to or less than 40 m2/g. A content of the abrasive in the magnetic layer is preferably 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass and more preferably 1.0 to 15.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the ferromagnetic powder. As the abrasive, only one kind of non-magnetic powder can be used or two or more kinds of non-magnetic powders having different compositions and/or physical properties (for example, size) can also be used. In a case of using two or more kinds of non-magnetic powders as the abrasive, the content of the abrasive is a total content of the two or more kinds of non-magnetic powders. The same also applies to contents of various components of the invention and the specification. The abrasive is preferably subjected to a dispersion process (separate dispersion) separately from the ferromagnetic powder, and more preferably subjected to a dispersion process (separate dispersion) separately from the filler which will be described later. In a case of preparing the magnetic layer forming composition, the preparation of two or more kinds of dispersion liquids having different components and/or dispersion conditions as a dispersion liquid of the abrasive (hereinafter, also referred to as an “abrasive solution”) is preferable for controlling the number distribution A.
A dispersing agent can also be used to adjust a dispersion state of the dispersion liquid of the abrasive. As a compound that can function as a dispersing agent for increasing the dispersibility of the abrasive, an aromatic hydrocarbon compound having a phenolic hydroxy group can be used. The “phenolic hydroxy group” refers to a hydroxy group directly bonded to an aromatic ring. The aromatic ring contained in the aromatic hydrocarbon compound may be a monocyclic ring, a polycyclic structure, or a fused ring. From a viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of the abrasive, an aromatic hydrocarbon compound containing a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring is preferable. In addition, the aromatic hydrocarbon compound may have a substituent other than the phenolic hydroxy group. Examples of the substituent other than the phenolic hydroxy group include a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, and a hydroxyalkyl group, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an amino group, and a hydroxyalkyl group are preferable. The number of phenolic hydroxy groups contained in one molecule of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound may be one, two, three, or more.
As one preferable embodiment of the aromatic hydrocarbon compound having a phenolic hydroxy group, a compound represented by Formula 100 can be used.
##STR00001##
[In Formula 100, two of X101 to X108 are hydroxy groups, and the other six components each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.]
In the compound represented by Formula 100, the substitution positions of two hydroxy groups (phenolic hydroxy groups) are not particularly limited.
In the compound represented by Formula 100, two of X101 to X108 are hydroxy groups (phenolic hydroxy groups), and the other six components are each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. In addition, among X101 to X108, all of the moieties other than the two hydroxy groups may be hydrogen atoms, or some or all of them may be substituents. Examples of the substituent include the substituents described above. As a substituent other than the two hydroxy groups, one or more phenolic hydroxy groups may be included. From a viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of the abrasive, it is preferable that the components other than the two hydroxy groups of X101 to X108 are not phenolic hydroxy groups. That is, the compound represented by Formula 100 is preferably dihydroxynaphthalene or a derivative thereof, and more preferably 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene or a derivative thereof. Examples of preferred substituents represented by X101 to X108 include a halogen atom (for example, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom), an amino group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 (preferably 1 to 4) carbon atoms, and a methoxy group, and an ethoxy group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, and —CH2OH group.
In addition, for the dispersing agent for improving the dispersibility of the abrasive, description disclosed in paragraphs 0024 to 0028 of JP2014-179149A can also be referred to.
The dispersing agent for increasing the dispersibility of the abrasive can be used, for example, in a case of preparing the abrasive solution (for each abrasive solution in a case of preparing a plurality of abrasive solutions), in a proportion of 0.5 to 20.0 parts by mass and is preferably used in a proportion of 1.0 to 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the abrasive.
Filler
As described above, it is thought that the number distribution B can be an index of a presence state of a non-magnetic powder (filler) included in the magnetic layer for forming a suitable projection on the surface of the magnetic layer to control frictional properties on the surface of the magnetic layer. Accordingly, the number distribution B can be controlled by the kind of the non-magnetic powder added as the filler. As one embodiment of the filler, carbon black can be used. A BET specific surface area of carbon black is preferably equal to or greater than 10 m2/g and more preferably equal to or greater than 15 m2/g. The BET specific surface area of carbon black is preferably equal to or less than 50 m2/g and more preferably equal to or less than 40 m2/g, from a viewpoint of ease of improving dispersibility. In addition, as the other embodiment of the filler, colloidal particles can be used. As the colloidal particles, inorganic colloidal particles are preferable, inorganic oxide colloidal particles are more preferable, and silica colloid particles (colloidal silica) are even more preferred, from a viewpoint of availability. In the present invention and the present specification, the “colloidal particles” are particles which are not precipitated but dispersed to generate a colloidal dispersion, in a case where 1 g of the particles is added to 100 mL of at least one organic solvent of methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, toluene, or ethyl acetate, or a mixed solvent including two or more kinds of the solvent described above at any mixing ratio. An average particle size of the colloidal particles can be, for example, 30 to 300 nm and is preferably 40 to 200 nm. A content of the filler in the magnetic layer is preferably 0.5 to 4.0 parts by mass and more preferably 0.5 to 3.5 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the ferromagnetic powder. The filler is preferably subjected to a dispersion process separately from the ferromagnetic powder, and more preferably subjected to a dispersion process separately from the abrasive. In a case of preparing the magnetic layer forming composition, the preparation of two or more kinds of dispersion liquids having different components and/or dispersion conditions as a dispersion liquid of the filler (hereinafter, also referred to as an “filler liquid”) is preferable for controlling the number distribution A.
From a viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of carbon black, in one embodiment, a compound having an ammonium salt structure of an alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 can be used in a case of preparing the filler liquid. The “alkyl ester anion” can also be referred to as an “alkyl carboxylate anion”.
##STR00002##
In Formula 1, R represents an alkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms, and Z+ represents an ammonium cation.
In addition, from a viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of carbon black, in one embodiment, two or more kinds of components capable of forming the compound having a salt structure can be used in a case of preparing the filler liquid. Accordingly, in a case of preparing the filler liquid, at least some of these components can form the compound having the salt structure.
Unless otherwise noted, groups described below may have a substituent or may be unsubstituted. In addition, the “number of carbon atoms” of a group having a substituent means the number of carbon atoms not including the number of carbon atoms of the substituent, unless otherwise noted. In the present invention and the specification, examples of the substituent include an alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (for example, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), a halogen atom (for example, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or the like), a cyano group, an amino group, a nitro group, an acyl group, a carboxy group, salt of a carboxy group, a sulfonic acid group, and salt of a sulfonic acid group.
Hereinafter, Formula 1 will be described in more detail.
In Formula 1, R represents an alkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkyl group having 7 or more carbon atoms. The fluorinated alkyl group has a structure in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms constituting the alkyl group are substituted with a fluorine atom. The alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group represented by R may have a linear structure, a branched structure, may be a cyclic alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group, and preferably has a linear structure. The alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group represented by R may have a substituent, may be unsubstituted, and is preferably unsubstituted. The alkyl group represented by R can be represented by, for example, CnH2n+1—. Here, n represents an integer of 7 or more. In addition, the fluorinated alkyl group represented by R may have a structure in which a part or all of the hydrogen atoms constituting the alkyl group represented by CnH2n+1— are substituted with a fluorine atom. The alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group represented by R has 7 or more carbon atoms, preferably 8 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 9 or more carbon atoms, further preferably 10 or more carbon atoms, still preferably 11 or more carbon atoms, still more preferably 12 or more carbon atoms, and still even more preferably 13 or more carbon atoms. The alkyl group or fluorinated alkyl group represented by R has preferably 20 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 19 or less carbon atoms, and even more preferably 18 or less carbon atoms.
In Formula 1, r represents an ammonium cation. Specifically, the ammonium cation has the following structure. In the present invention and the present specification, “*” in the formulas that represent a part of the compound represents a bonding position between the structure of the part and the adjacent atom.
##STR00003##
The nitrogen cation N+ of the ammonium cation and the oxygen anion O− in Formula 1 may form a salt bridging group to form the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1. The fact that the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 is contained in the magnetic layer can be confirmed by performing analysis with respect to the magnetic recording medium by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA; Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), or the like.
In the one embodiment, the ammonium cation represented by Z+ can be provided by, for example, the nitrogen atom of the nitrogen-containing polymer becoming a cation. The nitrogen-containing polymer means a polymer containing a nitrogen atom. In the present invention and the present specification, a term “polymer” means to include both a homopolymer and a copolymer. The nitrogen atom can be included as an atom configuring a main chain of the polymer in one embodiment, and can be included as an atom constituting a side chain of the polymer in one embodiment.
As one embodiment of the nitrogen-containing polymer, polyalkyleneimine can be used. The polyalkyleneimine is a ring-opening polymer of alkyleneimine and is a polymer having a plurality of repeating units represented by Formula 2.
##STR00004##
The nitrogen atom N configuring the main chain in Formula 2 can be converted to a nitrogen cation N+ to provide an ammonium cation represented by Z+ in Formula 1. Then, an ammonium salt structure can be formed with the alkyl ester anion, for example, as follows.
##STR00005##
Hereinafter, Formula 2 will be described in more detail.
In Formula 2, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and n1 represents an integer of 2 or more.
Examples of the alkyl group represented by R1 or R2 include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group. The alkyl group represented by R1 or R2 is preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group. A combination of R1 and R2 in Formula 2 is a form in which one is a hydrogen atom and the other is an alkyl group, a form in which both are hydrogen atoms, and a form in which both are an alkyl group (the same or different alkyl groups), and is preferably a form in which both are hydrogen atoms. As the alkyleneimine that provides the polyalkyleneimine, a structure of the ring that has the smallest number of carbon atoms is ethyleneimine, and the main chain of the alkyleneimine (ethyleneimine) obtained by ring opening of ethyleneimine has 2 carbon atoms. Accordingly, n1 in Formula 2 is 2 or more. n1 in Formula 2 can be, for example, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, or 4 or less. The polyalkyleneimine may be a homopolymer containing only the same structure as the repeating structure represented by Formula 2, or may be a copolymer containing two or more different structures as the repeating structure represented by Formula 2. A number average molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimine that can be used to form the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 can be, for example, equal to or greater than 200, and is preferably equal to or greater than 300, and more preferably equal to or greater than 400. In addition, the number average molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimine can be, for example, equal to or less than 10,000, and is preferably equal to or less than 5,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 2,000.
In the present invention and the present specification, the average molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight and number average molecular weight) is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and is a value obtained by performing standard polystyrene conversion. Unless otherwise noted, the average molecular weights shown in the examples which will be described below are values (polystyrene-equivalent values) obtained by standard polystyrene conversion of the values measured under the following measurement conditions using GPC.
GPC device: HLC-8220 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
Guard Column: TSK guard column Super HZM-H
Column: TSK gel Super HZ 2000, TSK gel Super HZ 4000, TSK gel Super HZ-M (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, 4.6 mm (inner diameter)×15.0 cm, three kinds of columns are linked in series)
Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran (THF), including stabilizer (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol)
Eluent flow rate: 0.35 mL/min
Column temperature: 40° C.
Inlet temperature: 40° C.
Refractive index (RI) measurement temperature: 40° C.
Sample concentration: 0.3% by mass
Sample injection amount: 10 μL
In addition, as the other embodiment of the nitrogen-containing polymer, polyallylamine can be used. The polyallylamine is a polymer of allylamine and is a polymer having a plurality of repeating units represented by Formula 3.
##STR00006##
The nitrogen atom N configuring an amino group of a side chain in Formula 3 can be converted to a nitrogen cation N+ to provide an ammonium cation represented by Z+ in Formula 1. Then, an ammonium salt structure can be formed with the alkyl ester anion, for example, as follows.
##STR00007##
A weight-average molecular weight of the polyallylamine that can be used to form the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 can be, for example, equal to or greater than 200, and is preferably equal to or greater than 1,000, and more preferably equal to or greater than 1,500. In addition, the weight-average molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimine can be, for example, equal to or less than 15,000, and is preferably equal to or less than 10,000 and more preferably equal to or less than 8,000.
The fact that the compound having a structure derived from polyalkyleneimine or polyallylimine as the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 is included in the magnetic layer can be confirmed by analyzing the surface of the magnetic layer by a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) or the like.
The compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 can be salt of a nitrogen-containing polymer and one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of fatty acids having 7 or more carbon atoms and fluorinated fatty acids having 7 or more carbon atoms. The nitrogen-containing polymer forming salt can be one kind or two or more kinds of nitrogen-containing polymers, and can be, for example, a nitrogen-containing polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkyleneimine and polyallylamine. The fatty acids forming the salt can be one kind or two or more kinds of fatty acids selected from the group consisting of fatty acids having 7 or more carbon atoms and fluorinated fatty acids having 7 or more carbon atoms. The fluorinated fatty acid has a structure in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms configuring the alkyl group bonded to a carboxy group COOH in the fatty acid are substituted with fluorine atoms. For example, the salt forming reaction can easily proceed by mixing the nitrogen-containing polymer and the fatty acids described above at room temperature. The room temperature is, for example, approximately 20° C. to 25° C. In one embodiment, one or more kinds of nitrogen-containing polymers and one or more kinds of the fatty acids described above are used as components of the filler liquid, and the salt forming reaction can proceed by mixing these in the step of preparing the filler liquid. In one embodiment, one or more kinds of nitrogen-containing polymers and one or more kinds of the fatty acids described above are mixed to form a salt before preparing the filler liquid, and then, the filler liquid can be prepared using this salt as a component of the filler liquid. In a case where the nitrogen-containing polymer and the fatty acid are mixed to form an ammonium salt of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1, the nitrogen atom configuring the nitrogen-containing polymer and the carboxy group of the fatty acid may be reacted to form the following structure, and a form including such a structure are also included in the above compound.
##STR00008##
Examples of the fatty acids include fatty acids having an alkyl group described above as R in Formula 1 and fluorinated fatty acids having a fluorinated alkyl group described above as R in Formula 1.
A mixing ratio of the nitrogen-containing polymer and the fatty acid used to form the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 is preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 20:80 to 85:15, and even more preferably 30:70 to 80:20, as a mass ratio of nitrogen-containing polymer:fatty acid. In addition, the used amount of the compound having the ammonium salt structure of the alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1 can be 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass and is preferably 1.0 to 10.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of carbon black, during preparation of the filler liquid (for each filler liquid in a case of preparing a plurality of filler liquids). In addition, for example, in a case of preparing the filler liquid (for each filler liquid in a case where preparing a plurality of filler liquids), 0.1 to 10.0 parts by mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer can be used and 0.5 to 8.0 parts by mass of the nitrogen-containing polymer is preferably used with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of carbon black. The used amount of the fatty acids described above can be, for example, 0.05 to 10.0 parts by mass and is preferably 0.1 to 5.0 parts by mass, with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of carbon black.
The magnetic layer described above can be provided on the surface of the non-magnetic support directly or indirectly through the non-magnetic layer.
Non-Magnetic Layer
Next, the non-magnetic layer will be described. The magnetic tape may include a magnetic layer directly on the surface of the non-magnetic support or may include a magnetic layer on the surface of the non-magnetic support through the non-magnetic layer including the non-magnetic powder. The non-magnetic powder used in the non-magnetic layer may be a powder of an inorganic substance or a powder of an organic substance. In addition, carbon black and the like can be used. Examples of powder of the inorganic substance include powder of metal, metal oxide, metal carbonate, metal sulfate, metal nitride, metal carbide, and metal sulfide. The non-magnetic powder can be purchased as a commercially available product or can be manufactured by a well-known method. For details thereof, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0146 to 0150 of JP2011-216149A can be referred to. For carbon black which can be used in the non-magnetic layer, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0040 and 0041 of JP2010-024113A can be referred to. The content (filling percentage) of the non-magnetic powder of the non-magnetic layer is preferably 50% to 90% by mass and more preferably 60% to 90% by mass.
The non-magnetic layer can include a binding agent and can also include additives. In regards to other details of a binding agent or additives of the non-magnetic layer, the well-known technology regarding the non-magnetic layer can be applied. In addition, in regards to the type and the content of the binding agent, and the type and the content of the additive, for example, the well-known technology regarding the magnetic layer can be applied.
The non-magnetic layer of the invention and the specification also includes a substantially non-magnetic layer including a small amount of ferromagnetic powder as impurities or intentionally, together with the non-magnetic powder. Here, the substantially non-magnetic layer is a layer having a residual magnetic flux density equal to or smaller than 10 mT, a layer having coercivity equal to or smaller than 7.96 kA/m (100 Oe), or a layer having a residual magnetic flux density equal to or smaller than 10 mT and coercivity equal to or smaller than 7.96 kA/m (100 Oe). It is preferable that the non-magnetic layer does not have a residual magnetic flux density and coercivity.
Back Coating Layer
In the one embodiment, the magnetic tape may include a back coating layer containing a non-magnetic powder on a surface side of the non-magnetic support opposite to the surface side provided with the magnetic layer. In addition, in another embodiment, the magnetic tape can also be a magnetic tape having no back coating layer. In a case where the magnetic tape includes a back coating layer, the non-magnetic powder of the back coating layer is preferably either one or both of carbon black and an inorganic powder. The back coating layer can include a binding agent and can also include one or more additives. In regards to the binding agent included in the back coating layer and additives, a well-known technology regarding the back coating layer can be applied, and a well-known technology regarding the list of the magnetic layer and/or the non-magnetic layer can also be applied. For example, for the back coating layer, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0018 to 0020 of JP2006-331625A and page 4, line 65, to page 5, line 38, of U.S. Pat. No. 7,029,774B can be referred to.
Non-Magnetic Support
Next, the non-magnetic support (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a “support”) will be described.
As the non-magnetic support, well-known components such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide, polyamide imide, aromatic polyamide subjected to biaxial stretching are used. Among these, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polyamide are preferable. Corona discharge, plasma treatment, easy adhesion treatment, or heat treatment may be performed with respect to these supports in advance.
Various Thicknesses
Regarding a thickness (total thickness) of the magnetic tape, it has been required to increase recording capacity (increase in capacity) of the magnetic tape along with the enormous increase in amount of information in recent years. As a unit for increasing the capacity, a thickness of the magnetic tape is reduced and a length of the magnetic tape accommodated in one reel of the magnetic tape cartridge is increased. From this point, the thickness (total thickness) of the magnetic tape is preferably 5.6 μm or less, more preferably 5.5 μm or less, even more preferably 5.4 μm or less, still preferably 5.3 μm or less, still more preferably 5.2 μm or less, still even more preferably 5.1 μm or less. In addition, from a viewpoint of ease of handling, the thickness of the magnetic tape is preferably 3.0 μm or more and more preferably 3.5 μm or more.
The thickness (total thickness) of the magnetic tape can be measured by the following method.
Ten tape samples (for example, length of 5 to 10 cm) are cut out from a random portion of the magnetic tape, these tape samples are overlapped, and the thickness is measured. A value which is one tenth of the measured thickness (thickness per one tape sample) is set as the tape thickness. The thickness measurement can be performed using a well-known measurement device capable of performing the thickness measurement at 0.1 μm order.
A thickness of the non-magnetic support is preferably 3.0 to 5.0 μm.
A thickness of the magnetic layer can be optimized according to a saturation magnetization amount of a magnetic head used, a head gap length, a recording signal band, and the like, is normally 0.01 μm to 0.15 μm, and is preferably 0.02 μm to 0.12 μm and more preferably 0.03 μm to 0.1 μm, from a viewpoint of realization of high-density recording. The magnetic layer may be at least single layer, the magnetic layer may be separated into two or more layers having different magnetic properties, and a configuration of a well-known multilayered magnetic layer can be applied. A thickness of the magnetic layer in a case where the magnetic layer is separated into two or more layers is the total thickness of the layers.
A thickness of the non-magnetic layer is, for example, 0.1 to 1.5 μm and is preferably 0.1 to 1.0 μm.
A thickness of the back coating layer is preferably 0.9 μm or less and more preferably 0.1 to 0.7 μm.
Various thicknesses such as the thickness of the magnetic layer and the like can be obtained by the following method.
A cross section of the magnetic tape in the thickness direction is exposed with an ion beam and the cross section observation of the exposed cross section is performed using a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope. Various thicknesses can be obtained as the arithmetic mean of the thicknesses obtained at two random portions in the cross section observation. Alternatively, various thicknesses can be obtained as a designed thickness calculated under the manufacturing conditions.
Manufacturing Step
Preparation of Each Layer Forming Composition
A Step of preparing a composition for forming the magnetic layer, the non-magnetic layer or the back coating layer can generally include at least a kneading step, a dispersing step, and a mixing step provided before and after these steps, in a case where necessary. Each step may be divided into two or more stages. The component used in the preparation of each layer forming composition may be added at an initial stage or in a middle stage of each step. As the solvent, one kind or two or more kinds of various kinds of solvents usually used for producing a coating type magnetic recording medium can be used. For the solvent, a description disclosed in a paragraph 0153 of JP2011-216149A can be referred to, for example. In addition, each component may be separately added in two or more steps. For example, a binding agent may be separately added in a kneading step, a dispersing step, and a mixing step for adjusting viscosity after the dispersion. In order to manufacture the magnetic tape, a well-known manufacturing technology can be used in various steps. In the kneading step, an open kneader, a continuous kneader, a pressure kneader, or a kneader having a strong kneading force such as an extruder is preferably used. For details of the kneading processes, descriptions disclosed in JP1989-106338A (JP-H01-106338A) and JP1989-079274A (JP-H01-079274A) can be referred to. As a disperser, a well-known dispersion device can be used. The filtering may be performed by a well-known method in any stage for preparing each layer forming composition. The filtering can be performed by using a filter, for example. As the filter used in the filtering, a filter having a hole diameter of 0.01 to 3 μm (for example, filter made of glass fiber or filter made of polypropylene) can be used, for example.
The abrasive solution is preferably prepared by dispersing separately from the ferromagnetic powder and the filler. The dispersion state of the abrasive in the abrasive solution can be adjusted by the presence or absence of a dispersing agent for improving the dispersibility of the abrasive, the amount of the dispersing agent used, the processing conditions of the dispersion process such as beads dispersion, and the classification treatment such as centrifugal separation. It is preferable to adjust the dispersion state of the abrasive to control the number distribution A. The abrasive solution is preferably prepared as one or more abrasive solutions containing an abrasive, a solvent, and preferably a binding agent, separately from the ferromagnetic powder and the filler, and can be used in the preparation of the magnetic layer forming composition. A commercially available device can be used for the dispersion process and the classification treatment. The conditions for performing these processes are not particularly limited, and may be set according to the type of the device used so that the number distribution A satisfies (1) to (3) described above.
In addition, the filler liquid is preferably prepared by dispersing separately from the ferromagnetic powder and the abrasive. The dispersion state of the filler in the filler liquid can be adjusted by the presence or absence of a component for improving the dispersibility of the filler, the amount of the component used, the processing conditions of the dispersion process such as beads dispersion, and the classification treatment such as centrifugal separation. In one embodiment, one or more kinds of nitrogen-containing polymers and one or more kinds of the fatty acids described above are used as components of the filler liquid, and the salt forming reaction can proceed by mixing these in the step of preparing the filler liquid. In one embodiment, one or more kinds of nitrogen-containing polymers and one or more kinds of the fatty acids described above are mixed to form a salt before preparing the filler liquid, and then, the filler liquid can be prepared using this salt as a component of the filler liquid. It is preferable to adjust the dispersion state of the filler to control the number distribution B. The filler liquid is preferably prepared as one or more filler liquids containing a, a filler, a solvent, and preferably a binding agent, separately from the ferromagnetic powder and the abrasive, and can be used in the preparation of the magnetic layer forming composition. A commercially available device can be used for the stirring, dispersion process, and the classification treatment. The conditions for performing these processes are not particularly limited, and may be set according to the type of the device used so that the number distribution B satisfies (4) to (6) described above.
Regarding the dispersion process of the magnetic layer forming composition, in one embodiment, the dispersion process of the ferromagnetic powder is performed by the two-stage dispersion process. A coarse aggregate of the ferromagnetic powder is crushed by a first stage dispersion process. After that, a second stage dispersion process in which a collision energy applied to the particles of the ferromagnetic powder by the collision with the dispersion beads is smaller than that in the first dispersion process can be performed. It is considered that such dispersion process makes it possible to improve the dispersibility of the ferromagnetic powder and prevent the occurrence of chipping (partially lacking particles). This point is preferable in controlling the vertical squareness ratio, as will be described later.
As an example of the two-stage dispersion process described above, a dispersion process including a first stage of obtaining a dispersion liquid by performing the dispersion process of a ferromagnetic powder, a binding agent, and a solvent in the presence of first dispersion beads, and a second stage of performing the dispersion process of a dispersion liquid obtained in the first stage in the presence of second dispersion beads having a bead diameter and a density smaller than those of the first dispersion beads. Hereinafter, the dispersion process described above will be in detail.
In order to improve the dispersibility of the ferromagnetic powder, it is preferable that the first stage and the second stage described above are performed as a dispersion process before mixing the ferromagnetic powder with other powder components. For example, it is preferable to perform the first stage and the second stage as the dispersion process of a liquid (magnetic liquid) containing a ferromagnetic powder, a binding agent, a solvent, and optionally added additives before mixing with an abrasive and a filler.
A bead diameter of the second dispersion beads is preferably 1/100 or less, and more preferably 1/500 or less of a bead diameter of the first dispersion beads. In addition, the bead diameter of the second dispersion beads can be, for example, 1/10,000 or more of the bead diameter of the first dispersion beads. However, there is no limitation to this range. For example, the bead diameter of the second dispersion beads is preferably in a range of 80 to 1,000 nm. Meanwhile, the bead diameter of the first dispersion beads can be, for example, in a range of 0.2 to 1.0 mm.
In the present invention and the present specification, the bead diameter is a value measured by the same method as the method for measuring the average particle size of powder described above.
The above second stage is preferably performed under the condition in which the second dispersion beads are present in an amount of 10 times or more the amount of the ferromagnetic hexagonal ferrite powder based on mass, and more preferably performed under the condition in which the amount is 10 to 30 times thereof.
Meanwhile, the amount of the first dispersion beads in the first stage is also preferably in the above range.
The second dispersion beads are beads having a density lower than that of the first dispersion beads. The “density” is obtained by dividing the mass (unit: g) of dispersion beads by the volume (unit: cm3). The measurement is performed by the Archimedes method. The density of the second dispersion beads is preferably equal to or less than 3.7 g/cm3 and more preferably equal to or less than 3.5 g/cm3. The density of the second dispersion beads may be, for example, equal to or greater than 2.0 g/cm3 or may be less than 2.0 g/cm3. Examples of preferred second dispersion beads in terms of density include diamond beads, silicon carbide beads, silicon nitride beads, and the like, and examples of preferred second dispersion beads in terms of density and hardness include diamond beads.
On the other hand, the first dispersion beads are preferably dispersion beads having a density greater than 3.7 g/cm3, more preferably dispersion beads having a density equal to or greater than 3.8 g/cm3, and even more preferably dispersion beads having a density equal to or greater than 4.0 g/cm3. The density of the first dispersion beads may be, for example, equal to or less than 7.0 g/cm3 or may be greater than 7.0 g/cm3. As the first dispersion beads, zirconia beads, alumina beads, and the like are preferably used, and zirconia beads are more preferably used.
The dispersion time is not particularly limited and may be set according to a type of a disperser used.
Coating Step
The magnetic layer can be formed by directly applying the magnetic layer forming composition onto the surface of the non-magnetic support or performing multilayer coating of the magnetic layer forming composition with the non-magnetic layer forming composition in order or at the same time. The back coating layer can be formed by applying the back coating layer forming composition onto the surface of the non-magnetic support opposite to the surface provided with the non-magnetic layer and/or the magnetic layer (or non-magnetic layer and/or the magnetic layer is to be provided). For details of the coating for forming each layer, a description disclosed in a paragraph 0066 of JP2010-231843A can be referred to.
Other Steps
For various other steps for manufacturing the magnetic tape, a well-known technology can be applied. For details of the various steps, descriptions disclosed in paragraphs 0067 to 0070 of JP2010-231843A can be referred to, for example. For example, the coating layer of the magnetic layer forming composition can be subjected to an alignment process in an alignment zone, while the coating layer is wet. For the alignment process, various technologies disclosed in a paragraph 0052 of JP2010-024113A can be applied. For example, a homeotropic alignment process can be performed by a well-known method such as a method using a different polar facing magnet. In the alignment zone, a drying speed of the coating layer can be controlled by a temperature and an air flow of the dry air and/or a transporting rate in the alignment zone. In addition, the coating layer may be preliminarily dried before transporting to the alignment zone.
Through various steps, a long magnetic tape raw material can be obtained. The obtained magnetic tape raw material is cut (slit) by a well-known cutter to have a magnetic tape to be wound and mounted on the magnetic tape cartridge. The width is determined according to the standard and is normally ½ inches. 1 inch=12.65 mm.
In the magnetic tape obtained by slitting, a servo pattern can be formed.
Servo Pattern
The “formation of the servo pattern” can be “recording of a servo signal”. The dimension information of the magnetic tape in the width direction during the running can be obtained using a servo signal, and the dimension of the magnetic tape in the width direction can be controlled by adjusting and changing the tension applied in the width direction of the magnetic tape according to the obtained dimension information.
The formation of the servo pattern will be described below.
The servo pattern is generally formed along a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. As a system of control using a servo signal (servo control), timing-based servo (TBS), amplitude servo, or frequency servo is used.
As shown in European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA)-319 (June 2001), a timing-based servo system is used in a magnetic tape based on a linear-tape-open (LTO) standard (generally referred to as an “LTO tape”). In this timing-based servo system, the servo pattern is configured by continuously disposing a plurality of pairs of magnetic stripes (also referred to as “servo stripes”) not parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. The servo system is a system of performing head tracking using a servo signal. In the invention and the specification, the “timing-based servo pattern” refers to a servo pattern that enables head tracking in a servo system of a timing-based servo system. As described above, a reason for that the servo pattern is configured with one pair of magnetic stripes not parallel to each other is because a servo signal reading element passing on the servo pattern recognizes a passage position thereof. Specifically, one pair of the magnetic stripes are formed so that a gap thereof is continuously changed along the width direction of the magnetic tape, and a relative position of the servo pattern and the servo signal reading element can be recognized, by the reading of the gap thereof by the servo signal reading element. The information of this relative position can realize the tracking of a data track. Accordingly, a plurality of servo tracks are generally set on the servo pattern along the width direction of the magnetic tape.
The servo band is configured of a servo patterns continuous in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. A plurality of servo bands are normally provided on the magnetic tape. For example, the number thereof is 5 in the LTO tape. A region interposed between two adjacent servo bands is a data band. The data band is configured of a plurality of data tracks and each data track corresponds to each servo track.
In one embodiment, as shown in JP2004-318983A, information showing the number of servo band (also referred to as “servo band identification (ID)” or “Unique Data Band Identification Method (UDIM) information”) is embedded in each servo band. This servo band ID is recorded by shifting a specific servo stripe among the plurality of pair of servo stripes in the servo band so that the position thereof is relatively deviated in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. Specifically, the position of the shifted specific servo stripe among the plurality of pair of servo stripes is changed for each servo band. Accordingly, the recorded servo band ID becomes unique for each servo band, and therefore, the servo band can be uniquely specified by only reading one servo band by the servo signal reading element.
In a method of uniquely specifying the servo band, a staggered method as shown in ECMA-319 (June 2001) is used. In this staggered method, a plurality of the groups of one pair of magnetic stripes (servo stripe) not parallel to each other which are continuously disposed in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is recorded so as to be shifted in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape for each servo band. A combination of this shifted servo band between the adjacent servo bands is set to be unique in the entire magnetic tape, and accordingly, the servo band can also be uniquely specified by reading of the servo pattern by two servo signal reading elements.
In addition, as shown in ECMA-319 (June 2001), information showing the position in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape (also referred to as “Longitudinal Position (LPOS) information”) is normally embedded in each servo band. This LPOS information is recorded so that the position of one pair of servo stripes are shifted in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, in the same manner as the UDIM information. However, unlike the UDIM information, the same signal is recorded on each servo band in this LPOS information.
Other information different from the UDIM information and the LPOS information can be embedded in the servo band. In this case, the embedded information may be different for each servo band as the UDIM information, or may be common in all of the servo bands, as the LPOS information.
In addition, as a method of embedding the information in the servo band, a method other than the method described above can be used. For example, a predetermined code may be recorded by thinning out a predetermined pair among the group of pairs of the servo stripes.
A servo pattern forming head is also referred to as a servo write head. The servo write head generally includes pairs of gaps corresponding to the pairs of magnetic stripes by the number of servo bands. In general, a core and a coil are respectively connected to each of the pairs of gaps, and a magnetic field generated in the core can generate leakage magnetic field in the pairs of gaps, by supplying a current pulse to the coil. In a case of forming the servo pattern, by inputting a current pulse while causing the magnetic tape to run on the servo write head, the magnetic pattern corresponding to the pair of gaps is transferred to the magnetic tape, and the servo pattern can be formed. A width of each gap can be suitably set in accordance with a density of the servo pattern to be formed. The width of each gap can be set as, for example, equal to or smaller than 1 μm, 1 to 10 μm, or equal to or greater than 10 μm.
Before forming the servo pattern on the magnetic tape, a demagnetization (erasing) process is generally performed on the magnetic tape. This erasing process can be performed by applying a uniform magnetic field to the magnetic tape by using a DC magnet and an AC magnet. The erasing process includes direct current (DC) erasing and alternating current (AC) erasing. The AC erasing is performed by slowing decreasing an intensity of the magnetic field, while reversing a direction of the magnetic field applied to the magnetic tape. Meanwhile, the DC erasing is performed by adding the magnetic field in one direction to the magnetic tape. The DC erasing further includes two methods. A first method is horizontal DC erasing of applying the magnetic field in one direction along a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape. A second method is vertical DC erasing of applying the magnetic field in one direction along a thickness direction of the magnetic tape. The erasing process may be performed with respect to all of the magnetic tape or may be performed for each servo band of the magnetic tape.
A direction of the magnetic field to the servo pattern to be formed is determined in accordance with the direction of erasing. For example, in a case where the horizontal DC erasing is performed to the magnetic tape, the formation of the servo pattern is performed so that the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of erasing is opposite to each other. Accordingly, the output of the servo signal obtained by the reading of the servo pattern can be increased. As disclosed in JP2012-053940A, in a case where the magnetic pattern is transferred to the magnetic tape subjected to the vertical DC erasing by using the gap, the servo signal obtained by the reading of the formed servo pattern has a unipolar pulse shape. Meanwhile, in a case where the magnetic pattern is transferred to the magnetic tape subjected to the horizontal DC erasing by using the gap, the servo signal obtained by the reading of the formed servo pattern has a bipolar pulse shape.
Magnetic Head
In the invention and the specification, the “magnetic tape device” means a device capable of performing at least one of the recording of data on the magnetic tape or the reproducing of data recorded on the magnetic tape. Such a device is generally called a drive. The magnetic head included in the magnetic tape device can be a recording head capable of performing the recording of data on the magnetic tape, and can also be a reproducing head capable of performing the reproducing of data recorded on the magnetic tape. In addition, in the embodiment, the magnetic tape device can include both of a recording head and a reproducing head as separate magnetic heads. In another embodiment, the magnetic head included in the magnetic tape device may have a configuration in which both the recording element and the reproducing element are comprised in one magnetic head. As the reproducing head, a magnetic head (MR head) including a magnetoresistive (MR) element capable of reading information recorded on the magnetic tape with excellent sensitivity as the reproducing element is preferable. As the MR head, various well-known MR heads (for example, a Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) head, or a Tunnel Magnetoresistive (TMR) head) can be used. In addition, the magnetic head which performs the recording of data and/or the reproducing of data may include a servo pattern reading element. Alternatively, as a head other than the magnetic head which performs the recording of data and/or the reproducing of data, a magnetic head (servo head) including a servo pattern reading element may be included in the magnetic tape device. For example, the magnetic head which performs the recording of data and/or reproducing of the recorded data (hereinafter, also referred to as a “recording and reproducing head”) can include two servo signal reading elements, and each of the two servo signal reading elements can read two adjacent servo bands with the data band interposed therebetween at the same time. One or a plurality of elements for data can be disposed between the two servo signal reading elements. The element for recording data (recording element) and the element for reproducing data (reproducing element) are collectively referred to as “elements for data”.
By reproducing data using the reproducing element having a narrow reproducing element width as the reproducing element, the data recorded at high density can be reproduced with high sensitivity. From this viewpoint, the reproducing element width of the reproducing element is preferably 0.8 μm or less. The reproducing element width of the reproducing element can be, for example, 0.3 μm or more. However, it is also preferable to fall below this value from the above viewpoint.
On the other hand, as the reproducing element width decreases, a phenomenon such as reproducing failure due to off-track is more likely to occur. In order to suppress the occurrence of such a phenomenon, it is preferable to use a magnetic tape device that controls the dimension of the magnetic tape in the width direction by adjusting and changing the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the running.
Here, the “reproducing element width” refers to a physical dimension of the reproducing element width. Such physical dimensions can be measured with an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, or the like.
In a case of recording data and/or reproducing recorded data, first, head tracking can be performed using a servo signal. That is, as the servo signal reading element follows a predetermined servo track, the element for data can be controlled to pass on the target data track. The movement of the data track is performed by changing the servo track to be read by the servo signal reading element in the tape width direction.
In addition, the recording and reproducing head can perform the recording and/or reproducing with respect to other data bands. In this case, the servo signal reading element is moved to a predetermined servo band by using the UDIM information described above, and the tracking with respect to the servo band may be started.
Hereinafter, the invention will be described with reference to examples. However, the invention is not limited to embodiments shown in the examples. “Parts” and “%” in the following description mean “parts by mass” and “% by mass”, unless otherwise noted. In addition, steps and evaluations described below are performed in an environment of an atmosphere temperature of 23° C.±1° C., unless otherwise noted. Further, “eq” below is an equivalent which is a unit which cannot be converted into the SI unit.
Preparation of Abrasive Solution
Preparation of Abrasive Solution A
The amount of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) shown in Table 1, 31.3 parts of a 32% solution (solvent is a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene) of a containing polyester polyurethane resin having an SO3Na group as a polar group (UR-4800 (polar group amount: 80 meq/kg) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and 570.0 parts of a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone (mass ratio of 1:1) as a solvent were mixed with respect to 100.0 parts of abrasive (alumina powder) shown in Table 1, and dispersed in the presence of zirconia beads (bead diameter: 0.1 mm) by a paint shaker for the time shown in Table 1 (bead dispersion time).
After the dispersion, the dispersion liquid obtained by separating the dispersion liquid and the beads with a mesh was subjected to a centrifugal separation process. The centrifugal separation process was performed by using CS150GXL manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. (a rotor used is S100AT6 manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd.) as a centrifugal separator for the time (centrifugal separation time) shown in Table 1 at a rotation speed (rpm; rotation per minute) shown in Table 1. By this centrifugal separation process, particles having a relatively large particle size are precipitated, and particles having a relatively small particle size are dispersed in a supernatant.
Then, the supernatant was collected by decantation. This collected liquid is referred to as an “abrasive solution A”.
Preparation of Abrasive Solutions B and C
An abrasive solution B and an abrasive solution C were prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the abrasive solution A, except that various items were changed as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
solution A
solution B
solution C
Preparation of
Abrasive product name
Hit80
Hit70
Hit70
abrasive solution
(manufactured by Sumitomo
Chemical Co., Ltd.)
BET specific surface area of
30
20
20
abrasive (m2/g)
Content of abrasive solution
3.0 parts
3.0 parts
None
dispersing agent
(2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene)
Beads dispersion time
360 min
180 min
60 min
Centrifugal
Rotation rate
5,500 rpm
3,500 rpm
1,000 rpm
separation
Centrifugal
4 min
4 min
4 min
separation
time
Preparation of Filler Liquid
Preparation of Filler Liquid D
The amount of polyethyleneimine shown in Table 2, the amount of stearic acid shown in Table 2, and 570.0 parts of a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone (mass ratio of 1:1) as a solvent were mixed with respect to 100.0 parts of filler (carbon black) shown in Table 2, and dispersed in the presence of zirconia beads (bead diameter: 0.1 mm) by a paint shaker for the time shown in Table 2 (bead dispersion time).
After the dispersion, the dispersion liquid obtained by separating the dispersion liquid and the beads with a mesh was subjected to a centrifugal separation process. The centrifugal separation process was performed by using CS150GXL manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. (a rotor used is S100AT6 manufactured by Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd.) as a centrifugal separator for the time (centrifugal separation time) shown in Table 2 at a rotation speed (rpm; rotation per minute) shown in Table 2. By this centrifugal separation process, particles having a relatively large particle size are precipitated, and particles having a relatively small particle size are dispersed in a supernatant.
Then, the supernatant was collected by decantation. This collected liquid is referred to as a “filler liquid D”.
The polyethyleneimine is a commercially available product (number average molecular weight of 600) manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.
Preparation of Filler Liquids E to G
Filler liquids E to G were prepared in the same manner as the preparation method of the filler liquid D, except that various items were changed as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Filler liquid D
Filler liquid E
Filler liquid F
Filler liquid G
Preparation
Filler product name
ASAHI #50
ASAHI #50
ASAHI #50
ASAHI #50
of filler
(carbon black manufactured
liquid
by Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.)
BET specific surface area
23
23
23
23
of filler (m2/g)
Polyethyleneimine
1.0 part
1.0 part
1.0 part
None
Stearic acid
2.0 parts
2.0 parts
2.0 parts
None
Beads dispersion time
360 min
60 min
10 min
180 min
Centrifugal
Rotation
5,500 rpm
3,500 rpm
1,000 rpm
5,500 rpm
separation
rate
Centrifugal
4 min
4 min
4 min
4 min
separation
time
Preparation of Magnetic Layer Forming Composition
Magnetic Liquid
Ferromagnetic powder: 100.0 parts
Hexagonal barium ferrite powder having average particle size (average plate diameter) of 21 nm (in Table 3, “BaFe”)
Oleic acid: 2.0 parts
Vinyl chloride copolymer (MR-104 manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION): 10.0 parts
SO3Na group-containing polyurethane resin: 4.0 parts
(Weight-average molecular weight: 70,000, SO3Na group: 0.07 meq/g)
An amine-based polymer (DISPERBYK-102 manufactured by BYK Additives & Instruments): 6.0 parts
Methyl ethyl ketone: 150.0 parts
Cyclohexanone: 150.0 parts
Abrasive Solution
The abrasive solution shown in Table 3 is used with the amount of abrasive in the abrasive solution shown in Table 3.
Filler Liquid
The filler liquid shown in Table 3 is used with the amount of filler in the filler liquid shown in Table 3.
Other Components
Stearic acid: 3.0 parts
Stearic acid amide: 0.3 parts
Butyl stearate: 6.0 parts
Methyl ethyl ketone: 110.0 parts
Cyclohexanone: 110.0 parts
Polyisocyanate (CORONATE (registered product) L manufactured by Tosoh Corporation): 3.0 parts
Preparation Method
A dispersion liquid A was prepared by dispersing (first stage) various components of the magnetic liquid described above with a batch type vertical sand mill by using zirconia beads having a bead diameter of 0.5 mm (first dispersion beads, density of 6.0 g/cm3) for 24 hours, and then performing filtering with a filter having a hole diameter of 0.5 μm. The zirconia beads were used in an amount of 10 times the mass of the ferromagnetic powder based on mass.
Then, the dispersion liquid A was dispersed by a batch type vertical sand mill for 1 hour using diamond beads having a bead diameter of 500 nm (second dispersion beads, density of 3.5 g/cm3) (second stage), and a dispersion liquid (dispersion liquid B) in which diamond beads were separated was prepared using a centrifugal separator. The diamond beads were used in an amount of 10 times the mass of the ferromagnetic powder based on mass.
The dispersion liquid B, the abrasive solution, the filler liquid, and the other components described above were introduced into a dissolver stirrer, and stirred at a circumferential speed of 10 m/sec for 360 minutes. Then, after performing ultrasonic dispersion process for 60 minutes with a flow type ultrasonic disperser at a flow rate of 7.5 kg/min, the magnetic layer forming composition was prepared by filtering three times with a filter having a hole diameter of 0.3 μm.
Preparation of Non-Magnetic Layer Forming Composition
A non-magnetic layer forming composition was prepared by dispersing various components of the non-magnetic layer forming composition described below with a batch type vertical sand mill by using zirconia beads having a bead diameter of 0.1 mm for 24 hours, and then performing filtering with a filter having a hole diameter of 0.5 μm.
Non-Magnetic Inorganic Powder
α iron oxide: 100.0 parts
(Average particle size: 10 nm, BET specific surface area: 75 m2/g)
Carbon black: 25.0 parts
(Average particle size: 20 nm)
SO3Na group-containing polyurethane resin: 18.0 parts
(Weight-average molecular weight: 70,000, SO3Na group: 0.2 meq/g)
Stearic acid: 1.0 part
Cyclohexanone: 300.0 parts
Methyl ethyl ketone: 300.0 parts
Preparation of Back Coating Layer Forming Composition
Components except a lubricant (stearic acid and butyl stearate), polyisocyanate, and 200.0 parts of cyclohexanone among various components of the back coating layer forming composition were kneaded and diluted by an open kneader, and subjected to a dispersion process of 12 passes, with a transverse beads mill disperser and zirconia beads having a bead diameter of 1 mm, by setting a bead filling percentage as 80 volume %, a circumferential speed of rotor distal end as 10 m/sec, and a retention time for 1 pass as 2 minutes. After that, the remaining components were added and stirred with a dissolver, the obtained dispersion liquid was filtered with a filter having a hole diameter of 1 μm and a back coating layer forming composition was prepared.
Non-Magnetic Inorganic Powder: α-Iron Oxide: 80.0 Parts
(Average particle size: 0.15 μm, BET specific surface area: 52 m2/g)
Carbon black: 20.0 parts
(Average particle size: 20 nm)
A vinyl chloride copolymer: 13.0 parts
A sulfonic acid salt group-containing polyurethane resin: 6.0 parts
Phenylphosphonic acid: 3.0 parts
Cyclohexanone: 155.0 parts
Methyl ethyl ketone: 155.0 parts
Stearic acid: 3.0 parts
Butyl stearate: 3.0 parts
Polyisocyanate: 5.0 parts
Cyclohexanone: 200.0 parts
Manufacturing Method of Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Tape Cartridge
The non-magnetic layer forming composition prepared in the section was applied to a surface of a support made of polyethylene naphthalate having a thickness of 4.1 μm so that the thickness after the drying becomes 0.7 μm and was dried to form a non-magnetic layer.
Then, the magnetic layer forming composition prepared as described above was applied onto the non-magnetic layer so that the thickness after the drying is 0.1 μm, and a coating layer was formed.
After that, a homeotropic alignment process was performed by applying a magnetic field having a magnetic field strength of 0.3 T in a vertical direction with respect to a surface of a coating layer, while the coating layer of the magnetic layer forming composition is wet. Then, the drying was performed to form the magnetic layer.
After that, the back coating layer forming composition prepared as described above was applied to the surface of the support made of polyethylene naphthalate on a side opposite to the surface where the non-magnetic layer and the magnetic layer were formed, so that the thickness after the drying becomes 0.3 μm, and was dried to form a back coating layer.
After that, a surface smoothing treatment (calender process) was performed by using a calender roll configured of only a metal roll, at a speed of 100 m/min, linear pressure of 300 kg/cm), and a calender temperature (surface temperature of a calender roll) of 90° C.
Then, after the heat treatment for 36 hours in an environment of an atmosphere temperature of 70° C., a long magnetic tape raw material was slit into a ½ inches width to obtain a magnetic tape. By recording a servo signal on a magnetic layer of the obtained magnetic tape with a commercially available servo writer, the magnetic tape including a data band, a servo band, and a guide band in the disposition according to a linear-tape-open (LTO) Ultrium format, and including a servo pattern (timing-based servo pattern) having the disposition and shape according to the LTO Ultrium format on the servo band was obtained.
The servo pattern formed by doing so is a servo pattern disclosed in Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) X6175:2006 and Standard ECMA-319 (June 2001).
The obtained magnetic tape (tape length: 960 m) was accommodated in a single reel type magnetic tape cartridge.
The above steps were repeated to manufacture three magnetic tape cartridges, one magnetic tape cartridge was used for the following (1) to (3), another magnetic tape cartridge was used for the following (4) and (5), and still another magnetic tape cartridge was used for evaluation of running stability which will be described later.
It can be confirmed by the following method that the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape contains a compound formed of polyethyleneimine and stearic acid and having an ammonium salt structure of an alkyl ester anion represented by Formula 1.
A sample is cut out from a magnetic tape, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis is performed on the surface of the magnetic layer (measurement area: 300 μm×700 μm) using an ESCA device. Specifically, wide scan measurement is performed by the ESCA device under the following measurement conditions. In the measurement results, peaks are confirmed at a position of a binding energy of the ester anion and a position of a binding energy of the ammonium cation.
Device: AXIS-ULTRA manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
Excited X-ray source: Monochromatic Al—Kα ray
Scan range: 0 to 1,200 eV
Path energy: 160 eV
Energy resolution: 1 eV/step
Capturing Time: 100 ms/step
Number of times of integration: 5
In addition, a sample piece having a length of 3 cm is cut out from the magnetic tape, and Attenuated total reflection-fourier transform-infrared spectrum (ATR-FT-IR) measurement (reflection method) is performed on the surface of the magnetic layer, and, in the measurement result, the absorption is confirmed on a wave number corresponding to absorption of COO− (1,540 cm−1 or 1,430 cm−1) and a wave number corresponding to the absorption of the ammonium cation (2,400 cm−1).
Evaluation Method
(1) Recording of Data and Reproducing of Recorded Data on Magnetic Tape after Storage
The recording and reproducing before storage were performed using the magnetic tape device having the configuration shown in
The magnetic tape cartridge was placed in an environment having an atmosphere temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% for 5 days in order to make it familiar with the environment for recording and reproducing. Then, in the same environment, the recording and the reproducing were performed as follows.
The magnetic tape cartridge was set in the magnetic tape device and the magnetic tape was loaded. Next, while performing servo tracking, the recording and reproducing head unit records pseudo random data having a specific data pattern on the magnetic tape. The tension applied in the tape longitudinal direction at that time is a constant value of 0.50 N. At the same time with the recording of the data, the value of the servo band interval of the entire tape length was measured every 1 m of the longitudinal position and recorded in the cartridge memory.
Next, while performing servo tracking, the recording and reproducing head unit reproduces the data recorded on the magnetic tape. At that time, the value of the servo band interval was measured at the same time as the reproducing, and the tension applied in the tape longitudinal direction was changed so that an absolute value of a difference from the servo band interval during the recording at the same longitudinal position approaches 0 based on the information recorded in the cartridge memory. During the reproducing, the measurement of the servo band interval and the tension control based on it are continuously performed in real time. In a case of such reproducing, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape was changed in a range of 0.50 N to 0.85 N by the control device of the magnetic tape device. Therefore, the maximum value of the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the reproducing is 0.85 N.
At the end of the reproducing, the entire length of the magnetic tape was wound around the cartridge reel of the magnetic tape cartridge.
(2) Winding (Rewinding) Around Cartridge Reel and Storage
Subsequently, in the above environment, the magnetic tape ran in the magnetic tape device and the entire length of the magnetic tape was wound on the winding reel of the magnetic tape device. The tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape during the winding was set to a constant value of 0.50 N.
Then, tension was applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a constant value of 0.40 N, and the entire length of the magnetic tape was wound on the cartridge reel (also referred to as “rewinding”).
After the rewinding, the magnetic tape cartridge accommodating the magnetic tape was stored for 24 hours in an environment with an atmosphere temperature of 60° C. and a relative humidity of 20%. The inventors have surmised that this storage can correspond to long-term storage for about 10 years at an atmosphere temperature of 32° C. and a relative humidity of 55%.
(3) Evaluation of Recording and Reproducing Quality after Storage
After the storage, the magnetic tape cartridge was placed in an environment with an atmosphere temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% for 5 days in order to make it familiar with the environment for reproducing. Then, in the same environment, the reproducing was performed in the same manner as the reproducing before storage in the section (1). That is, the reproducing was performed by changing the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape as described above.
The number of channels in the reproducing described above was 32 channels. In a case where all the data of 32 channels were correctly read during the reproducing after the storage, the recording and reproducing quality was evaluated as “3”, in a case where data of 31 to 28 channels were correctly read, the recording and reproducing quality was evaluated as “2”, and in other cases, the recording and reproducing quality was evaluated as “1”.
(4) Number Distribution a and Number Distribution B
Regarding the magnetic tape accommodated in a magnetic tape cartridge, using a FE-SEM S4800 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. as a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the number distribution A and the number distribution B of the magnetic layer surface were obtained by the following method.
Number Distribution A
A secondary electron image of the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As imaging conditions, an acceleration voltage is set as 5 kV, a working distance is set as 5 mm, and an imaging magnification ratio is set as 10,000 times. In a case of imaging, a non-imaging region on the surface of the magnetic layer is selected, focus adjustment is performed under the above imaging conditions, and a secondary electron image is captured. A portion (micron bar, cross mark, or the like) for displaying a size and the like is removed from the captured image, and a secondary electron image having a pixel number of 960 pixels×1280 pixels is obtained.
The above operation is performed 100 times at different portions on the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured.
The secondary electron image obtained as described above is loaded into image processing software (ImageJ of free software), and binarization processing is performed by the following procedure.
A threshold value for binarizing the secondary electron image obtained above has a lower limit value of 210 gradations and an upper limit value of 255 gradations, and the binarization processing is executed with these two threshold values. After the binarization processing, in the image analysis software (ImageJ of free software), the noise cut process Despeckle is selected to remove the noise component.
For the binarized image obtained as described above, the number of bright areas (that is, white portions) and the area of each bright area are obtained by image analysis software (ImageJ of free software). From the area A of the bright area obtained here, the equivalent circle diameter L of each bright area is calculated by (A/π){circumflex over ( )}(½)×2=L.
The above steps are performed on the binarized images (100 images) obtained above. By doing so, the number distribution A is obtained.
Number Distribution B
A secondary electron image of the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). As imaging conditions, an acceleration voltage is set as 2 kV, a working distance is set as 5 mm, and an imaging magnification ratio is set as 10,000 times. In a case of imaging, a non-imaging region on the surface of the magnetic layer is selected, focus adjustment is performed under the above imaging conditions, and a secondary electron image is captured. A portion (micron bar, cross mark, or the like) for displaying a size and the like is removed from the captured image, and a secondary electron image having a pixel number of 960 pixels×1280 pixels is obtained.
The above operation is performed 100 times at different portions on the surface of the magnetic layer of the magnetic tape to be measured.
The secondary electron image obtained as described above is loaded into image processing software (ImageJ of free software), and binarization processing is performed by the following procedure.
A threshold value for binarizing the secondary electron image obtained above has a lower limit value of 0 gradations and an upper limit value of 75 gradations, and the binarization processing is executed with these two threshold values. After the binarization processing, in the image analysis software (ImageJ of free software), the noise cut process Despeckle is selected to remove the noise component.
For the binarized image obtained as described above, the number of dark areas (that is, black portions) and the area of each dark area are obtained by image analysis software (ImageJ of free software). From the area A of the dark area obtained here, the equivalent circle diameter L of each dark area is calculated by (A/π){circumflex over ( )}(½)×2=L.
The above steps are performed on the binarized images (100 images) obtained above. By doing so, the number distribution B is obtained.
(5) Tape Thickness
10 tape samples (length: 5 cm) were cut out from any part of the magnetic tape taken out from the magnetic tape cartridge, and these tape samples were stacked to measure the thickness. The thickness was measured using a digital thickness gauge of a Millimar 1240 compact amplifier manufactured by MARH and a Millimar 1301 induction probe. The value (thickness per tape sample) obtained by calculating 1/10 of the measured thickness was defined as the tape thickness. The tape thickness was 5.2 m.
A magnetic tape cartridge was manufactured and various evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that various items were changed as shown in a table below. The tape thickness was the same as that of Example 1 in all of the examples and comparative examples.
In the examples and comparative examples in which “Yes” is described in the column of “Tension change during running” in Table 4 (Tables 4-1 and 4-2), the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape was changed within a range of the minimum value to maximum value in the same manner as in Example 1, and the reproducing before the storage was performed.
In the examples in which “None” is described in the column of “Tension change during running” in Table 4, the reproducing before the storage was performed by applying the tension in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a constant value of 0.50 N.
In the examples and comparative examples in which the value of the tension is described in the column of “Rewinding tension” in Table 4, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape in a case of winding (rewinding) from the cartridge reel in the section (2) was set to the value shown in Table 4.
In the comparative examples in which “No rewinding” is described in the column of the “Rewinding tension” in Table 4, the magnetic tape cartridge accommodating the magnetic tape was stored for 24 hours in the environment with the atmosphere temperature of 60° C. and a relative humidity of 20%, without performing the rewinding after the reproducing in the section (1).
In each of the examples and the comparative examples, the reproducing after the storage was performed in the same manner as the reproducing before the storage. That is, during reproducing after the storage, the tension applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape and the change in tension were the same as those during the reproducing before the storage.
In Table 3, “SrFe1” indicates a hexagonal strontium ferrite powder produced as below.
1,707 g of SrCO3, 687 g of H3BO3, 1,120 g of Fe2O3, 45 g of Al(OH)3, 24 g of BaCO3, 13 g of CaCO3, and 235 g of Nd2O3 were weighed and mixed in a mixer to obtain a raw material mixture.
The obtained raw material mixture was melted in a platinum crucible at a melting temperature of 1,390° C., and a tap hole provided on the bottom of the platinum crucible was heated while stirring the melt, and the melt was tapped in a rod shape at approximately 6 g/sec. The tap liquid was rolled and cooled with a water cooling twin roller to prepare an amorphous body.
280 g of the prepared amorphous body was put into an electronic furnace, heated to 635° C. (crystallization temperature) at a rate of temperature rise of 3.5° C./min, and held at the same temperature for 5 hours, and hexagonal strontium ferrite particles were precipitated (crystallized).
Then, the crystallized material obtained as described above including the hexagonal strontium ferrite particles was coarse-pulverized with a mortar, 1,000 g of zirconia beads having a particle diameter of 1 mm, and 800 ml of an acetic acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% were added to a glass bottle, and a dispersion process was performed in a paint shaker for 3 hours. After that, the obtained dispersion liquid and the beads were separated and put in a stainless still beaker. The dispersion liquid was left at a liquid temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours, subjected to a dissolving process of a glass component, precipitated with a centrifugal separator, decantation was repeated for cleaning, and drying was performed in a heating furnace at a furnace inner temperature of 110° C. for 6 hours, to obtain hexagonal strontium ferrite powder.
Regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder obtained as described above, an average particle size was 18 nm, an activation volume was 902 nm3, an anisotropy constant Ku was 2.2×105 J/m3, and a mass magnetization as was 49 A×m2/kg.
12 mg of a sample powder was collected from the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder obtained as described above, the element analysis of a filtrate obtained by the partial dissolving of this sample powder under the dissolving conditions described above was performed by the ICP analysis device, and a surface layer portion content of a neodymium atom was obtained.
Separately, 12 mg of a sample powder was collected from the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder obtained as described above, the element analysis of a filtrate obtained by the total dissolving of this sample powder under the dissolving conditions described above was performed by the ICP analysis device, and a bulk content of a neodymium atom was obtained.
The content (bulk content) of the neodymium atom in the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder obtained as described above with respect to 100 atom % of iron atom was 2.9 atom %. In addition, the surface layer portion content of the neodymium atom was 8.0 atom %. A ratio of the surface layer portion content and the bulk content, “surface layer portion content/bulk content” was 2.8 and it was confirmed that the neodymium atom is unevenly distributed on the surface layer of the particles.
A crystal structure of the hexagonal ferrite shown by the powder obtained as described above was confirmed by scanning CuKα ray under the conditions of a voltage of 45 kV and intensity of 40 mA and measuring an X-ray diffraction pattern under the following conditions (X-ray diffraction analysis). The powder obtained as described above showed a crystal structure of magnetoplumbite type (M type) hexagonal ferrite. In addition, a crystal phase detected by the X-ray diffraction analysis was a magnetoplumbite type single phase.
PANalytical X'Pert Pro diffractometer, PIXcel detector
Soller slit of incident beam and diffraction beam: 0.017 radians
Fixed angle of dispersion slit: ¼ degrees
Mask: 10 mm
Scattering prevention slit: ¼ degrees
Measurement mode: continuous
Measurement time per 1 stage: 3 seconds
Measurement speed: 0.017 degrees per second
Measurement step: 0.05 degree
In Table 3, “SrFe2” indicates a hexagonal strontium ferrite powder produced as below.
1,725 g of SrCO3, 666 g of H3BO3, 1,332 g of Fe2O3, 52 g of Al(OH)3, 34 g of CaCO3, and 141 g of BaCO3 were weighed and mixed in a mixer to obtain a raw material mixture.
The obtained raw material mixture was melted in a platinum crucible at a melting temperature of 1,380° C., and a tap hole provided on the bottom of the platinum crucible was heated while stirring the melt, and the melt was tapped in a rod shape at approximately 6 g/sec. The tap liquid was rolled and cooled with a water cooling twin roller to prepare an amorphous body.
280 g of the obtained amorphous body was put into an electronic furnace, heated to 645° C. (crystallization temperature), and held at the same temperature for 5 hours, and hexagonal strontium ferrite particles were precipitated (crystallized).
Then, the crystallized material obtained as described above including the hexagonal strontium ferrite particles was coarse-pulverized with a mortar, 1,000 g of zirconia beads having a particle diameter of 1 mm, and 800 ml of an acetic acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% were added to a glass bottle, and a dispersion process was performed in a paint shaker for 3 hours. After that, the obtained dispersion liquid and the beads were separated and put in a stainless still beaker. The dispersion liquid was left at a liquid temperature of 100° C. for 3 hours, subjected to a dissolving process of a glass component, precipitated with a centrifugal separator, decantation was repeated for cleaning, and drying was performed in a heating furnace at a furnace inner temperature of 110° C. for 6 hours, to obtain hexagonal strontium ferrite powder.
Regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder obtained as described above, an average particle size was 19 nm, an activation volume was 1,102 nm3, an anisotropy constant Ku was 2.0×105 J/m3, and a mass magnetization σs was 50 A×m2/kg.
In Table 1, “ε-iron oxide” is an ε-iron oxide powder produced by the following method.
4.0 g of ammonia aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% was added to a material obtained by dissolving 8.3 g of iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate, 1.3 g of gallium (III) nitrate octahydrate, 190 mg of cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate, 150 mg of titanium (IV) sulfate, and 1.5 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in 90 g of pure water, while stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, in an atmosphere under the conditions of an atmosphere temperature of 25° C., and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours still under the temperature condition of the atmosphere temperature of 25° C. A citric acid solution obtained by dissolving 1 g of citric acid in 9 g of pure water was added to the obtained solution and stirred for 1 hour. The powder precipitated after the stirring was collected by centrifugal separation, washed with pure water, and dried in a heating furnace at a furnace inner temperature of 80° C.
800 g of pure water was added to the dried powder and the powder was dispersed in water again, to obtain a dispersion liquid. The obtained dispersion liquid was heated to a liquid temperature of 50° C., and 40 g of ammonia aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% was added dropwise while stirring. The stirring was performed for 1 hour while holding the temperature of 50° C., and 14 mL of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was added dropwise and stirred for 24 hours. 50 g of ammonium sulfate was added to the obtained reaction solution, the precipitated powder was collected by centrifugal separation, washed with pure water, and dried in a heating furnace at a furnace inner temperature of 80° C. for 24 hours, and a precursor of ferromagnetic powder was obtained.
The heating furnace at a furnace inner temperature of 1,000° C. was filled with the obtained precursor of ferromagnetic powder in the atmosphere and subjected to heat treatment for 4 hours.
The heat-treated precursor of ferromagnetic powder was put into sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution having a concentration of 4 mol/L, the liquid temperature was held at 70° C., stirring was performed for 24 hours, and accordingly, a silicon acid compound which was an impurity was removed from the heat-treated precursor of ferromagnetic powder.
After that, by the centrifugal separation process, ferromagnetic powder obtained by removing the silicon acid compound was collected and washed with pure water, and ferromagnetic powder was obtained.
The composition of the obtained ferromagnetic powder was confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Ga, Co, and Ti substitution type ε-iron oxide (ε-Ga0.28Co0.05Ti0.05Fe1.62O3) was obtained. In addition, the X-ray diffraction analysis was performed under the same conditions as the conditions described regarding the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder SrFe1 in advance, and it was confirmed that the obtained ferromagnetic powder has a crystal structure of a single phase which is an ε phase not including a crystal structure of an α phase and a γ phase (ε-iron oxide type crystal structure) from the peak of the X-ray diffraction pattern.
Regarding the obtained (ε-iron oxide powder, an average particle size was 12 nm, an activation volume was 746 nm3, an anisotropy constant Ku was 1.2×105 J/m3, and a mass magnetization σs was 16 A×m2/kg.
The activation volume and the anisotropy constant Ku of the hexagonal strontium ferrite powder and the ε-iron oxide powder are values obtained by the method described above regarding each ferromagnetic powder by using an oscillation sample type magnetic-flux meter (manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd.).
In addition, the mass magnetization σs is a value measured at the magnetic field strength of 1,194 kA/m (15 kOe) by using an oscillation sample type magnetic-flux meter (manufactured by Toei Industry Co., Ltd.).
TABLE 3-1
Ferromagnetic
Abrasive solution
Filler liquid
powder
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Example 1
BaFe
6.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 2
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 3
BaFe
6.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 4
BaFe
6.0 parts
0.7 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 5
BaFe
6.0 parts
2.5 parts
1.0 part
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 6
BaFe
6.0 parts
0.7 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
0.1 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 7
BaFe
6.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 8
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 9
BaFe
6.0 parts
2.5 parts
1.0 part
1.3 parts
3.3 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 10
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
3.3 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 11
BaFe
4.0 parts
0.7 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 12
BaFe
6.0 parts
1.6 parts
1.0 part
0.0 parts
3.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 13
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 14
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 15
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 16
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 17
BaFe
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 18
SrFE1
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 19
SrFE2
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 20
ε-iron oxide
2.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 21
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 22
BaFe
6.0 parts
2.5 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 23
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 24
BaFe
6.0 parts
0.7 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 25
BaFe
6.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
0.1 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
Example 26
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
3.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 27
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
0.0 parts
0.1 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
TABLE 3-2
Ferromagnetic
Abrasive solution
Filler liquid
powder
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Comparative
BaFe
1.6 parts
3.0 parts
1.0 part
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
3.0 parts
Example 1
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
5.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 2
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
1.6 parts
0.5 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
3.8 parts
0.0 parts
Example 3
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
5.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
3.8 parts
0.0 parts
Example 4
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
1.6 parts
0.5 parts
0.0 parts
2.0 parts
3.8 parts
0.0 parts
Example 5
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
3.0 parts
Example 6
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
3.0 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
3.0 parts
Example 7
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
3.0 parts
5.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
3.0 parts
Example 8
Comparative
BaFe
1.6 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
1.0 part
Example 9
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
0.5 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
1.0 part
Example 10
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
1.6 parts
5.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
1.0 part
Example 11
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
0.5 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
0.0 parts
3.0 parts
Example 12
Comparative
BaFe
8.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 13
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
3.0 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 14
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
5.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 15
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
2.0 parts
0.0 parts
1.0 part
Example 16
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
7.0 parts
1.3 parts
0.0 parts
Example 17
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
3.8 parts
0.0 parts
Example 18
Comparative
BaFe
4.0 parts
1.6 parts
2.0 parts
1.3 parts
2.0 parts
3.8 parts
0.0 parts
Example 19
Comparative
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 20
Comparative
BaFe
2.0 parts
0.7 parts
1.0 part
2.5 parts
8.3 parts
2.5 parts
0.0 parts
Example 21
Evaluation of Running Stability During Winding Around Cartridge Reel with Tension of 0.40 N or Less
Regarding each magnetic tape cartridge of the examples and the comparative examples, the evaluation of the running stability during the winding around the cartridge reel with the tension of 0.40 N or less was performed using the magnetic tape device having the configuration shown in
The magnetic tape cartridge was placed in an environment having an atmosphere temperature of 23° C. and a relative humidity of 50% for 5 days in order to make it familiar with the environment for evaluation. Then, in the same environment, the evaluation was performed as follows.
The magnetic tape cartridge was set in the magnetic tape device and the magnetic tape was loaded. Next, the entire length of the magnetic tape was wound around the winding reel of the magnetic tape device while adjusting the tension as in the reproducing of Example 1. Then, tension was applied in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a constant value of 0.40 N as in the rewinding of Example 1, and the entire length of the magnetic tape was wound around the cartridge reel (rewinding). During this rewinding, an edge position change amount (unit: μm) of the edge in the tape width direction on both sides of the magnetic tape is measured by a measurement device installed outside of the magnetic tape cartridge (device main body: MTI-2000 Fotonic Sensor (manufactured by MTI Instruments Inc.), lower limit of detection of the position change amount of the probe: 10 μm). A case where the edge position change of 300 μm or more occurs at least on one side edge is evaluated as “B”, and a case where no edge position change occurs is evaluated as “A”. In the case of the evaluation result B, the inventors have considered that edge damage may occur in the magnetic tape cartridge after the rewinding.
The above results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Recording
Running stability
Number distribution A
Number distribution B
Tension
and
during winding
1 nm
51 nm
Equal to
1 nm
51 nm
Equal to
change
reproducing
around cartridge
to 50
to 100
or greater
to 50
to 100
or greater
during
Rewinding
quality after
reel with tension
nm
nm
than 101
nm
nm
than 101
running
tension
storage
of 0.40N or less
Example 1
30000
25000
3000
50000
25000
2000
Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 2
10000
25000
3000
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 3
30000
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Yes
0.40N
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A
Example 4
30000
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 5
30000
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 6
30000
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Yes
0.40N
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A
Example 7
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Yes
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Example 8
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Example 9
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Example 10
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Yes
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A
Example 11
20000
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Yes
0.40N
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A
Example 12
30000
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 13
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25000
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Yes
0.40N
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Example 14
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0.25N
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Example 15
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0.10N
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Example 16
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Example 17
10000
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Example 18
10000
25000
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50000
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Yes
0.40N
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A
Example 19
10000
25000
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50000
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Example 20
10000
25000
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50000
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A
Example 21
10000
7000
1000
50000
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None
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Example 22
30000
25000
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200
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0.40N
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Example 23
10000
7000
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Example 24
30000
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Example 25
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Yes
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Example 26
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Example 27
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Yes
0.40N
3
A
Comparative Example 1
8000
30000
1000
0
35000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 2
20000
16000
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100
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 3
40000
16000
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100
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 4
20000
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5000
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3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 5
40000
16000
500
600
10000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 6
40000
16000
2000
0
35000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 7
20000
30000
2000
0
35000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 8
20000
30000
5000
0
35000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 9
8000
16000
2000
0
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 10
40000
5000
2000
0
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 11
40000
16000
5000
0
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 12
20000
5000
2000
0
35000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 13
40000
16000
2000
25000
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 14
20000
30000
2000
25000
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 15
20000
16000
5000
25000
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 16
20000
16000
2000
0
10000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 17
20000
16000
2000
25000
35000
1000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 18
20000
16000
2000
25000
10000
3000
Yes
Not rewound
1
B
Comparative Example 19
20000
16000
2000
25000
10000
3000
Yes
0.40N
2
B
Comparative Example 20
10000
7000
1000
50000
25000
2000
Yes
Not rewound
1
A
Comparative Example 21
10000
7000
1000
50000
25000
2000
Yes
0.50N
1
A
From the results shown in Table 1, in the examples, it can be confirmed that, the magnetic tape could stably run in a case where the magnetic tape was accommodated in the magnetic tape cartridge, and good recording and reproducing quality could be obtained after the storage.
One embodiment of the invention is advantageous in a technical field of various data storages such as archives.
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