A system operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain includes an enterprise model, a planning engine, and a presentation interface. The enterprise model represents a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources. The planning engine uses the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria. The presentation interface generates a first visual display for selected planning information. The first visual display includes a cashflow report providing a net present value for one or more products in the supply chain. Each net present value reflects revenues and expenses associated with a corresponding product according to time periods in which the revenues and expenses occur.
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42. A method operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at a planning engine, accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources;
at the planning engine, using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
at a presentation interface, generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a plant distribution report that includes a bottom panel comprising:
a first axis specifying a plurality of locations;
a second axis specifying profit margins per hour; and
a plurality of icons representing resources in the supply chain, each icon positioned relative to the first axis to indicate a location associated with a corresponding resource and relative to the second axis to indicate a profit margin per hour associated with the corresponding resource.
20. A system for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at least one computer having one or more processing unit:
a planning engine for accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources and for using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
a presentation interface for generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a plant distribution report that includes a bottom panel comprising:
a first axis specifying a plurality of locations;
a second axis specifying profit margins per hour; and
a plurality of icons representing resources in the supply chain, each icon positioned relative to the first axis to indicate a location associated with a corresponding resource and relative to the second axis to indicate a profit margin per hour associated with the corresponding resource.
30. A method operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at a planning engine, accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain involves a plurality of products and resources:
at the planning engine, using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria, and
at a presentation interface, generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a profit margin report that indicates, for one or more products associated with a specified resource, a profit margin for each time interval the resource is in use, the profit margin report including a graph comprising
a first axis scaled in terms of profit margins per unit;
a second axis scaled in terms of numbers of units produced for each time interval the specified resource is in use; and
a plurality of nodes representing the products associated with the specified resource, each node located at a position in the graph corresponding to the values for the product on the first and second axes.
8. A system for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at least one computer having one or more processing unit:
a planning engine for accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources and for using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
a representation interface for generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a profit margin report that indicates, for one or more products associated with a specified resource, a profit margin for each time interface the resource is in use, the profit margin report including a graph comprising:
a first axis scaled in terms of profit margins per unit;
a second axis scaled in terms of numbers of units produced for each time interval the specified resource is in use; and
a plurality of nodes representing the products associated with the specified resource, each node located at a position in the graph corresponding to the values for the product on the first and second axes.
35. A method operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at a planning engine, accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources;
at the planning engine, using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
at a presentation interface, generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a report that indicates, for one or more products in the supply chain, a forecasted demand and a number of units allocated for production;
the report including a bar graph comprising:
a first axis scaled in terms of numbers of units;
a bar, associated with a product in the supply chain, extending from a second axis to a height corresponding to a first position on the first axis, the first position indicating a number of units of the product that could be sold according to customer demand; and
a marker on the bar corresponding to a second position on the first axis, the second position indicating a number of units of the product allocated for production.
13. A system for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at least one computer having at least one or more processing unit:
a planning engine for accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources and for using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
a presentation interface for generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a report that indicates, for one or more products in the supply chain, a forecasted demand and a number of units allocated for production;
the report including a bar graph comprising:
a first axis scaled in terms of numbers of units;
a bar, associated with a product in the supply chain, extending from a second axis to a height corresponding to a first position on the first axis, the first position indicating a number of units of the product that could be sold according to customer demand; and
a marker on the bar corresponding to a second position on the first axis, the second position indicating a number of units of the product allocated for production.
23. A method operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at a planning engine, accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources;
at the planning engine, using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
at a presentation interface, generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a cashflow report providing a net present value for one or more products in the supply chain, each net present value reflecting revenues and expenses associated with a corresponding product according to time periods in which the revenues and expenses occur, the cashflow report comprising a three-dimensional display comprising:
a first panel including a first axis specifying a plurality of products, a second axis specifying a plurality of time periods, and a plurality of bars each associated with a particular time period and a particular product, each bar having a height relating to a number of units of the associated product produced during the associated time period;
a second panel including a bar graph indicating a net cash flow for each of the products specified by the first axis in the first panel; and
a third panel including a bar graph indicating a net cash flow for each of the time periods specified by the second axis in the bottom first panel.
1. A system for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain, comprising:
at least one computer having one or more processing unit having:
a planning engine for accessing an enterprise model representing a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources and for using the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria; and
a presentation interface for generating a visual display for selected planning information, the visual display comprising a cashflow report providing a net present value for one or more products in the supply chain, each net present value reflecting revenues and expenses associated with a corresponding product according to time periods in which the revenues and expenses occur, the cashflow report comprising a three-dimensional display comprising:
a first panel including a first axis specifying a plurality of products, a second axis specifying a plurality of time periods, and a plurality of bars each associated with a particular time period and a particular product, each bar having a height relating to a number of units of the associated product produced during the associated time period;
a second panel including a bar graph indicating a net cash flow for each of the products specified by the first axis in the first panel; and
a third panel including a bar graph indicating a net cash flow for each of the time periods specified by the second axis in the first panel.
2. The system of
a first panel presenting a list of the products;
a second panel presenting the net present value for each listed product; and
a third panel presenting a plurality of columns, each column corresponding to a specified time period and providing a net cashflow associated with each listed product during that time period.
3. The system of
the first panel comprises a bottom panel;
the second panel comprises a left panel; and
the third panel comprises a right panel.
4. The system of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
5. The system of
6. The system of
7. The system of
9. The system of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
10. The system of
11. The system of
12. The system of
14. The system of
15. The system of
a first axis scaled in terms of profit margins for each time interval the specified resource is used;
a second axis scaled in terms of number of units;
a bar, associated with a product associated with the specified resource, extending from a first position on the first axis to a height corresponding to a second position on the second axis, the first position indicating a profit margin for each time interval the specified resource is in use with respect to the product associated with the bar, the second position indicating a number of units of the product associated with the bar that could be sold according to customer demand; and
a marker on the bar corresponding to a third position on the second axis, the third position indicating a number of units of the product associated with the bar allocated for production.
16. The system of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
17. The system of
18. The system of
19. The system of
21. The system of
22. The system of
24. The method of
a first panel presenting a list of the products;
a second panel presenting the net present value for each listed product; and
a third panel presenting a plurality of columns, each column corresponding to a specified time period and providing a net cashflow associated with each listed product during that time period.
25. The method of
the first panel comprises a bottom panel;
the second panel comprises a left panel; and
the third panel comprises a right panel.
26. The method of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
27. The method of
28. The method of
29. The method of
31. The method of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
32. The method of
33. The method of
34. The method of
36. The method of
37. The method of
a first axis scaled in terms of profit margins for each time interval the specified resource is used;
a second axis scaled in terms of number of units;
a bar, associated with a product associated with the specified resource, extending from a first position on the first axis to a height corresponding to a second position on the second axis, the first position indicating a profit margin for each time interval the specified resource is in use with respect to the product associated with the bar, the second position indicating a number of units of the product associated with the bar that could be sold according to customer demand; and
a marker on the bar corresponding to a third position on the second axis, the third position indicating a number of units of the product associated with the bar allocated for production.
38. The method of
a first bar graph indicating, for one or more products in the supply chain, a percentage of forecasted demand satisfied by allocated production;
a second bar graph indicating a profit margin per unit for each of the products; and
a third bar graph indicating, for each of the products, a number of units produced for each time interval a specified resource is in use.
39. The method of
40. The method of
41. The method of
43. The method of
44. The method of
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This application claims the benefit of Ser. No. 60/100,975, entitled “Supply Chain Management Tool With Profit Optimization,” filed Sep. 18, 1998.
This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 09/374,461 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,577,304 entitled “System and Method for Visually Representing a Supply Chain,” filed Aug. 13, 1999, and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/397,473 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,486,899 entitled “System and Method for Displaying Logistics Information Associated with a Supply Chain,” filed Sep. 17, 1999.
This invention relates generally to the field of enterprise resource planning and, more particularly, to a system and method for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain.
Business enterprises use computer-implemented management systems to model supply chains and to provide plans for producing and delivering products and services to customers. Typically, management systems address planning decisions as constrained optimization problems. For example, in a manufacturing environment, a management system may schedule a sequence of tasks for a piece of manufacturing equipment. The management system might specify start times for each task according to one or more optimization criteria, such as minimizing inventory, maximizing profit, or maximizing resource utilization. The management system might also consider various constraints, such as the capabilities of the equipment or deadlines by which products must be delivered to customers. Previous systems are inadequate for many needs, particularly with respect to the manner in which planning information associated with supply chains is provided to users of these systems.
In accordance with the present invention, a system and method for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain is provided that substantially reduces or eliminates disadvantages and problems associated with previous supply chain management systems and methods.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system operating on at least one computer for displaying planning information associated with a supply chain includes an enterprise model, a planning engine, and a presentation interface. The enterprise model represents a supply chain that involves a plurality of products and resources. The planning engine uses the enterprise model to generate planning information for the supply chain according to one or more specified constraints and one or more optimization criteria. The presentation interface generates a first visual display for selected planning information. The first visual display includes a cashflow report providing a net present value for one or more products in the supply chain. Each net present value reflects revenues and expenses associated with a corresponding product according to time periods in which the revenues and expenses occur.
The system and method of the present invention provide a number of important technical advantages. The present invention describes a variety of reports that visually display planning information to a user. Using the reports, a supply chain planner can more effectively understand the dynamic problems and performance issues associated with a supply chain, and can better solve and optimize a supply chain plan. Additional technical advantages will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
To provide a more complete understanding of the present invention, and for further features and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Memory 16 contains an enterprise model 24, a planning engine 26, and a presentation interface 28. Enterprise model 24, planning engine 26, and presentation interface 28 represent software components that are each responsible for a separate set of well-defined tasks. In a particular embodiment, enterprise model 24, planning engine 26, and presentation interface 28 are implemented using object-oriented programming techniques. Although a particular software implementation is described with reference to
Enterprise model 24 represents a supply chain in terms of its products and their component parts. To produce and deliver products to customers, an enterprise must use resources to perform various activities. These resources may include raw materials, component parts, labor, manufacturing facilities and equipment, distribution channels, transportation resources, warehouses, sales support, or any other resources that may affect the enterprise's ability to produce and deliver products to customers. For profit optimization planning, enterprise model 24 generates, for each product in a supply chain, cash inflows and cash outflows that represent revenues and expenses associated with the products. In a particular embodiment, model 24 calculates expenses by representing costs according to the times at which the costs occur. This method of calculating expenses more accurately reflects the time value of money than an accrual method that does not recognize costs until a sale occurs. Model 24 includes raw material costs, operation costs, inventory carrying costs, handling costs, or any other suitable costs that accompany supply chain activities in any suitable combination. In a particular embodiment, model 24 stores raw material costs in terms of dollars/unit, operation costs in terms of dollars/unit or dollars/hour, inventory carrying costs in terms of dollars/unit/time, and handling costs in terms of dollars/unit.
Using enterprise model 24, planning engine 26 generates planning information relating to the supply chain being modeled. The planning information may relate to long-term, short-term, or any other planning horizon and may include various level of detail. For example only and not by way of limitation, the planning information may describe aggregate levels of production over several years or schedules of daily activities relating to specific products and resources. To generate the planning information, engine 26 attempts to maximize or minimize one or more optimization criteria while satisfying specified constraints. The optimization criteria may include minimizing inventory, maximizing profit, maximizing resource utilization, maximizing profit margins, or any other suitable criteria according to particular needs. The constraints may include resource requirements, resource availability, material requirements, material availability, process run rates and yields, demand, contractual demand fulfillment requirements, order commitments, initial on-hand inventories, maximum and minimum inventory amounts, customer priority or any other factors that may affect decisions of the enterprise in providing products to customers. In a particular embodiment, engine 26 generates a plan that optimizes profit by maximizing the net present values of cashflows in model 24, where net present value is defined as:
In other embodiments, engine 26 may maximize profit in terms other than net present value.
Engine 26 may use one or more customer priority constraints to provide hierarchical “layered-demand” planning. This feature permits recognition of specified customer priorities. For example, dealings with a particular customer may provide strategic advantages for the enterprise despite lower profit margins associated with servicing the customer. Engine 26 also permits the user to simulate and evaluate proposed plans and business scenarios. In a particular embodiment, a user may test scenarios by changing a demand for a product, production volume of a product, resource capacity, inventory levels, or any other suitable constraints.
Presentation interface 28 provides a user interface for inputting data affecting model 24, for scenario analysis of model 24, and for viewing planning information generated by engine 26. Based on the planning information generated by engine 26, presentation interface 28 generates several supply chain reports, singly or in any suitable combination, which are described in further detail below with reference to
Enterprise model 24, planning engine 26, and presentation interface 28 operate on one or more computers 14 that include at least one processor 30. Computer 14 receives information from a user using an input device 18, which may include a keyboard, mouse, touch-screen, microphone, or any other device that accepts information. Computer 14 presents visual display 32 to the user using output device 20, which may include a computer monitor, a projector, a printer, or any other suitable device with a display screen or other visual output capability. In a particular embodiment, computer 14 is a network server, and users interact with computer 14 using one or more client computers 22. In such an embodiment, client computers 22 may provide planning information to various personnel at geographically distributed locations.
A profit panel 46 divides the profits or other cashflows associated with each product into a number of different time periods. Each column 52 displays cashflows during a particular time period. The time period may be a day, week, month, quarter, year, or any other suitable time period according to particular needs. As an alternative to, or in addition to cashflow report 40, an income statement report (not shown) may provide, for each product, a net income that reflects costs according to the time periods in which related revenues are realized.
In the illustrated embodiment, graph 68 indicates profit margins per resource hour, although graph 68 may indicate profits margin averaged over a day, week, quarter, year, or any other suitable time interval for measuring use of the selected resource. Graph 68 breaks down the parameter of profit margin per resource hour into two dimensions: profit margin per unit and units per resource hour. If the two dimensions are multiplied, the result is in terms of margin per resource hour. A first axis 70, labeled “Contribution,” provides a scale illustrating a profit margin per unit for each product represented by one of nodes 66. A second axis 72, labeled “Run Rate,” provides a scale illustrating a rate at which the selected resource processes each product represented by one of nodes 66. Products represented by nodes 66 in the upper right of graph 68 have the highest margin per resource hour.
In response to a user selecting one of the products associated with the hot roll mill, presentation interface 28 generates a pop-up box 94 specifying numerical values for the forecasted demand, the allocated production, and the profit margin per resource hour for the selected product. In a particular embodiment, pop-up box 94 also indicates a “lower bound,” representing a minimum production allocation. The user may select a product for which pop-up box 94 is generated by clicking on an associated bar 86 or marker 92.
Product report 100 includes a forecast allocated bar graph 102, a contribution bar graph 104, and a run rate bar graph 106. Forecast allocated bar graph 102 associates each product identifier 110 with a bar 114 indicating a percentage of forecasted demand allocated for production. In the illustrated embodiment, bar graph 102 also includes numerical values 116 indicating the percentages of forecasted demand allocated for production and ranks 118 indicating the relative sizes of the percentages.
Contribution bar graph 104 associates each product identifier 110 with a bar 120 indicating each identified product's profit margin per unit. In the illustrated embodiment, bar graph 104 also associates each product identifier 110 with a numerical value 122 indicating the profit margin per unit and a rank 124 indicating the relative sizes of the profit margins. Because presentation interface 28 sorted list 108 of product identifiers 110 according to contribution in the illustrated embodiment, ranks 124 appear in order of the relative sizes of profit margins.
Run rate bar graph 106 associates each product identifier 110 with a bar 128 indicating a rate at which units are processed by a selected resource. Using pull-down selector 126, a user selects a resource in the supply chain. In the illustrated embodiment, a user again has selected the hot roll mill with an 88 percent utilization rate. In response to the user selection, run rate bar graph 106 associates each product identifier 110 with a bar 128 indicating a rate at which the selected resource, in this case the hot roll mill, processes units of each identified product. In the illustrated embodiment, run rate bar graph 106 also includes numerical values 130 indicating the rates of processing and ranks 132 indicating relative relationships among the processing rates. Although the processing rates are specified in terms of units produced per hour, processing rates may be determined over days, weeks, months, quarters, years, or any other suitable time periods.
Utilization report 142 includes a bar graph 158 indicating the percentages of raw materials or resources utilized in a production plan generated by planning engine 26. In the illustrated embodiment, utilization report 142 includes a resource utilization tab 160 and a raw materials tab 162, such that a user may elect to view either resource utilization information or raw material utilization information, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, either by default or in response to a user selection, utilization report 142 displays resource utilization information. Bar graph 158 includes an axis 164 with resource identifiers 166 and an axis 168 scaled according to percentages 170. Each resource identifier 166 is associated with a bar 172 extending from axis 164 a length indicative of each identified resource's percent utilization. In the illustrated embodiment, bar graph 158 also includes values 174 specifying percent utilizations for each resource identifier 166. If a user were to select tab 162, bar graph 158 would indicate the percent of purchased raw materials utilized according to a production plan generated by engine 26.
Time period intervals 199 and product intervals 201 intersect to form a grid 208. Each box 210 in grid 208 is associated with a particular combination of a time period and a product, and each box 210 includes a bar 212 having a height 214 indicating a number of units of the associated product produced during the associated time period. In response to a user selecting one of bars 212, presentation interface 28 may generate a pop-up window (not shown) specifying numerical values related to the time period and product associated with selected bar 212. Left panel 194 displays a two dimensional bar graph 216 of net cashflow for each product across all time periods. Right panel 196 displays a two-dimensional bar graph 218 of net cashflow in each time period across all products.
Left panel 224 displays planning information relating to the locations specified along first axis 228 according to a selected parameter. A user selects a parameter using a menu, tool bar, or in any other suitable manner. Although a user has selected resource utilization as the parameter in the illustrated embodiment, left panel 224 may display planning information relating to profit margins per unit, profit margins per hour, rates of production, forecasted demands, allocated production, net present values, cash flows, costs, or any other parameter relating to a supply chain. Each bar 234 on left panel 224 corresponds to a location at the same position on first axis 228 of bottom panel 222. In other words, a first bar 236 corresponds to the “Boston” location, a second bar 238 corresponds to the “Singapore” location, etc. Thus, a user can quickly determine a location's margin rate and resource utilization using bottom panel 222 and left panel 224, respectively. Right panel 226 displays additional data for a selected location. A user selects a location and a parameter using a menu, tool bar, or in any other suitable manner. In the illustrated embodiment, a user has selected “Austin” and units per hour.
Although the present invention has been described with several embodiments, a person skilled in the art could make various alterations, modifications, and additions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Starr, Jeffrey H., Bush, Jr., John Robbins
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