To complete a CAM operation without requiring manual operations for generating nc data, which enables accurate and rapid machining, through organized integration of each means and increase in the speed to determine conditions. To achieve this, the present invention comprises a shape input means 1 for inputting a shape of a work piece; a machining planning means 2 for planning a machining method of the work piece; an nc data generating means 3 for generating nc data used for machining the work piece; an nc data verifying and editing means 4 for verifying and editing the nc data; and an nc data output means 5 for outputting the nc data, wherein the nc data is integrally generated based on the shape data of the work piece as the work piece successively passes through these means.
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5. A computer storing a program, which when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform a method of integrally generating nc data, the method comprising the steps of:
inputting a shape of work piece;
planning a method of machining the work piece;
generating nc data used for machining the work piece;
verifying and editing the nc data, wherein said verifying and editing step comprises verifying insignificant empty cutting portions and deleting nc data corresponding to the empty cutting portions, and editing the nc data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining; and
outputting the verified and edited nc data,
wherein the nc data is integrally generated based on the shape data of the work piece as the work piece successively passes through these steps, and
wherein the step of planning the method of machining comprises
a step of determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost,
a step of determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions represented by a combination of a tool and holder, tool movement conditions suitable for each determined process, and cutting conditions of machining capabilities adjusted for the determined tooling conditions, and
accessing a machining information database that contains a rule for determining a machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and data for computing machining capabilities, wherein the value of machining capabilities is computed by correcting a reference value of machining capabilities, using a comparative value of the rigidity of a predetermined reference tooling and rigidity of an actually used tooling.
1. A computer storing a program, which when executed by the computer, causes the computer to perform a method of integrally generating nc data, the method comprising the steps of:
inputting a shape of a work piece;
planning a method of machining the work piece;
generating nc data used for machining the work piece;
verifying and editing the nc data, wherein said verifying and editing step comprises verifying insignificant emptily cutting portions and deleting nc data corresponding to the emptily cutting portions, and editing the nc data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining; and
outputting the verified and edited nc data,
wherein the nc data is integrally generated based on the shape data of the work piece as the work piece successively passes through these steps, and
wherein the step of planning the method of machining comprises
a step of determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost,
a step of determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions represented by a combination of a tool and a holder, tool movement conditions suitable for each determined process, and cutting conditions of machining capabilities adjusted for the determined tooling conditions, and
accessing a machining information database that contains a rule for determining a machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and data for computing machining capabilities, wherein the rule for determining cutting conditions is a rule for dividing the value of machining capabilities in accordance with the tooling for each process with respect to a depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, a depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool, and a feed rate.
2. The computer of
computing a tool path which considers tooling interference, uncut areas in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process, or considers uncut areas in the previous process and overlap with the tool path of the previous process.
3. The computer of
verifying a cutting load and correcting a feed rate in accordance with the verified cutting load.
4. The computer of
converting nc data of a format particular to the generated nc data into nc data of a predetermined format with which an nc machine can operate.
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The present invention relates to an integrated CAM system, a method of integrally generating NC data, a machining planning system, a machining data generating apparatus and a program. In particular, the present invention relates to an integrated CAM system, a method of integrally generating NC data, a machining planning system, a machining data generating apparatus and a program that are preferably used in machining three-dimensional free-form surfaces such as a surface of a die or mold cavity.
Conventionally, mechanical and electrical machining of products using NC data are conducted in various industrial fields. In the mechanical machining, machining operation has been simplified by using, for example, computer-aided simulation in various machining.
In commercially-available conventional CAM systems, operations such as generating and editing of a tool path and converting of NC data can be conducted with computer aid. However, these systems require interactive operations such as determining of machining procedure, tool profile, tooling (a form of a whole tool system including holder and the like), machining mode and cutting conditions that depend on an operator, and even editing of the tool path of the CAM depends on an operator.
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have proposed a method of determining tooling, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 9-179620, and have automated the determination of tooling with computer-aid that allows correction of cutting conditions considering tooling rigidity and the like.
In the mechanical machining, information regarding machining method is determined at proper times, and the present inventors have proposed a method therefor disclosed, for example, in the publication of JP-A No. 11-235646. The determining method disclosed in the publication generates a plurality of candidate process orders, the method comprising: selecting candidate processes in descending order of machining efficiency among a plurality of candidate processes to rapidly determine a machining method with high machining efficiency; seeking, based on the shapes before and after machining, a maximum machining area that can be machined with a selected candidate process; seeking a difference between the maximum machining area and the shape after machining; repeating the selecting of candidate process until the difference becomes within tolerance; arranging the selected candidate processes; and setting the finally selected candidate process as the final process.
In this manner, the method determines a machining method by, for each candidate process order, seeking effective machining time based on machining capabilities, machining amount and loading time of each process; seeking the sum of effective machining time by summing up the effective machining time of each process; and setting a candidate process order with the shortest sum of effective machining time as the machining method. This method has a great effect in that the machining time is reduced.
In NC machining, however, demand for a further improved machining accuracy and workability is increasing. Even if a conventional NC machining system is computer-aided and employs an NC machining simulator and a commercially-available CAM, the system requires an operator to perform staged operations. That is, the conventional system requires cogitation of a skilled operator in determination of machining procedure, tool profile, tooling (a form of a whole tool system including holder and the like), machining mode, cutting conditions, and the like. The conventional system also requires correction of cutting conditions, and the like, at the final stage of establishing conditions after a commercially-available CAM is used. Thus, it is difficult to reduce time in establishing conditions in the conventional system. For more complicated machining, such as machining a work piece having especially complex profile, a larger number of cutting conditions must be corrected and problems in machining accuracy and machining speed remain unsolved.
The present invention has been devised to solve these problems and an object of the present invention is to improve machining accuracy and operation speed by automating determination of machining procedure, tool profile, tooling (a form of a whole tool system including holder and the like), machining mode, cutting conditions, and the like. Another object of the present invention is to provide an integrated CAM system, a method of integrally generating NC data, a machining planning system, a machining data generating apparatus and a program that remarkably improve the speed of condition determination and realize accurate and rapid machining even in machining a complex profile that conventionally required a number of manual operations.
To solve above-described problems, a first invention provides an integrated CAM system comprising: a shape input means that inputs a shape of a work piece; a machining planning means that plans a machining method of the work piece; an NC data generating means that generates NC data used for machining the work piece; an NC data verifying and editing means that verifies and edits the NC data; and an NC data output means that outputs the NC data, wherein the NC data is integrally generated based on shape data of a work piece as the work piece successively passes through these means. With the integrated CAM system of the first invention, because the CAM operation can be completed without requiring manual operations in determining cutting conditions and the like, and NC data of high quality can be stably obtained, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time. Further, a work piece having complex profile that conventionally required a number of manual operations can be accurately and rapidly machined with fewer number of man-hour and in a reduced lead time, and the problem of lack of skilled operators can also be resolved.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the machining planning means that plans a machining method includes a process determining means that determines processes in consideration of minimum machining cost, with which the process with reduced machining cost can be established. The machining planning means also includes a machining condition determining means that determines, for each determined process, tooling conditions represented by a combination of a tool and a holder in consideration of machining time, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process, with which the machining planning can be automated without requiring cogitation of an operator and can be completed with fewer number of man-hour and in a reduced lead time. In the integrated CAM system, machine design information can be obtained with which, because the machining accuracy is improved by setting the cutting conditions in accordance with the tooling, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time, and even a work piece having complex profile that conventionally required a number of manual operations can be accurately and rapidly machined.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the machining planning means includes a machining information database that contains a rule for determining a machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and/or data for computing machining capabilities. With the machining information database, practical machining planning information in light of historical performance can be obtained and a further practical machining planning can be realized.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the NC data generating means that generates NC data includes a tool path computing means which considers tooling interference, uncut areas in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process, or considers uncut areas in the previous process and overlap with the tool path of the previous process. With the tool path computing means, because the integrated CAM system obtains NC data based on an efficient tool path, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which machining area data generated by the machining planning means is fed to the NC data generating means, and thus the tool path computing means in the NC data generating means can devoid of a tool path computing function in consideration of interference in tooling. In the integrated CAM system, NC data can be obtained with which, even when the NC data generating means has a reduced function, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the NC data verifying and editing means that verifies and edits the NC data includes a feed rate correcting means that verifies a cutting load and corrects a feed rate in accordance with the verified cutting load. With the feed rate correcting means, a stable machining with appropriate load can be realized. The NC data verifying and editing means further includes an NC data deleting and editing means for emptily cutting portions that verifies emptily cutting portions and deletes NC data corresponding to the emptily cutting portions, and edits the NC data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining. With the NC data deleting and editing means, machining time can be minimized by eliminating emptily cutting portions. In the integrated CAM system, NC data can be obtained with which determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which a dedicated interface is interposed between the machining planning means and the NC data generating means, and/or between the NC data generating means and the NC data verifying and editing means. With this structure, the machining planning means and the NC data generating means, or the NC data generating means and the NC data verifying and editing means that are conventionally separately provided can be integrated. In the integrated CAM system, NC data can be obtained with which the CAM operation can be completed without requiring manual operations, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time, and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the dedicated interface interposed between the machining planning means and the NC data generating means includes information regarding approaching and retracting. With this structure, the NC data can be generated that effectively utilizes information such as conditions relating the path and speed of an approaching transfer from the machining start position or a temporary bypass position to an actually machined position and a retracting transfer from the actually machined position to the temporary bypass position or the machining terminate position. As a result, a further practical integrated CAM system can be provided.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the dedicated interface interposed between the NC data generating means and the NC data verifying and editing means includes information regarding conditions, containing simulation accuracy, under which simulation is implemented. With this structure, simulation conditions can be effectively provided to the NC data verifying and editing means and thus a further practical integrated CAM system can be provided.
The first invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which any one of the NC data generating means, the NC data verifying and editing means and the NC data outputting means includes an NC data converting means that converts NC data of a format particular to the NC data generating means into NC data of a predetermined format with which an NC machine can operate. Accordingly, the number of degrees of freedom in the place at which the function of converting the NC data is provided increases, and thus a flexible system can be realized.
A second invention provides an integrated CAM system comprising: a shape input means that inputs a shape of a work piece; a machining planning means that plans a machining method of the work piece; an NC data generating means that generates NC data used for machining the work piece; and an NC data output means that outputs the NC data, wherein the NC data is integrally generated based on shape data of a work piece as the work piece successively passes through these means.
Here, an integrated CAM system in which the machining planning means that plans a machining method includes a process determining means that determines processes in consideration of minimum machining cost, and a machining condition determining means that determines, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process. With this structure, the machining planning can be automated without requiring cogitation of an operator and can be completed with fewer numbers of man-hour and in a reduced lead time. In the integrated CAM system, machine design information can be obtained with which, because the machining accuracy is improved by setting the cutting conditions in accordance with the tooling, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time, and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the machining planning means includes a machining information database that contains a rule for determining a machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and/or data for computing machining capabilities. With the machining information database, practical machining planning information in light of historical performance can be obtained and a further practical machining planning can be realized.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the NC data generating means that generates NC data includes a tool path computing means which considers tooling interference, uncut areas in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process, or considers uncut areas in the previous process and overlap with the tool path of the previous process. With the tool path computing means, because the integrated CAM system obtains NC data based on an efficient tool path, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which machining area data generated by the machining planning means is fed to the NC data generating means, and thus the tool path computing means in the NC data generating means can devoid of a tool path computing function in consideration of interference in tooling. In the integrated CAM system, NC data can be obtained with which, even when the NC data generating means has a reduced function, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which a dedicated interface is interposed between the machining planning means and the NC data generating means. With this structure, the machining planning means and the NC data generating means that are conventionally separately provided can be integrated. In the integrated CAM system, NC data can be obtained with which the CAM operation can be completed without requiring manual operations, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time, and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which the dedicated interface interposed between the machining planning means and the NC data generating means includes information regarding approaching and retracting. With this structure, the NC data can be generated that effectively utilizes information such as conditions relating the path and speed of an approaching transfer from the machining start position or a temporary bypass position to an actually machined position and a retracting transfer from the actually machined position to the temporary bypass position or the machining terminate position. As a result, a further practical integrated CAM system can be provided.
The second invention further provides an integrated CAM system in which either of the NC data generating means or the NC data outputting means includes an NC data converting means that converts NC data of a format particular to the NC data generating means into NC data of a predetermined format with which an NC machine can operate. Accordingly, because the function of converting NC data can be selectively provided to either of the NC data generating means or the NC data outputting means, the number of degrees of freedom in the place at which the function of converting the NC data is provided increases, and thus a flexible system can be realized.
A third invention is a method of integrally generating NC data, the method comprising the steps of: inputting a shape of a work piece; planning a method of machining the work piece; generating NC data used for machining the work piece; verifying and editing the NC data; and outputting the NC data, wherein the NC data of high quality is integrally generated based on shape data of the product as the product successively passes through these steps. With the method of integrally generating NC data of the third invention, because the CAM operation can be completed without requiring manual operations in determining cutting conditions and the like, and NC data of extremely high quality can be stably obtained, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time. Further, a work piece having complex profile that conventionally required a number of manual operations can be accurately and rapidly machined with fewer number of man-hour and in a reduced lead time, and the problem of lack of skilled operators can also be resolved.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of planning a method of machining includes the steps of: determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost; and determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process. In this method, the machining planning can be automated without requiring cogitation of an operator and can be completed with fewer numbers of man-hour and in a reduced lead time. In this method of integrally generating NC data, machine design information can be obtained with which, because the machining accuracy is improved by setting the cutting conditions in accordance with the tooling, an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of planning a method of machining plans the method of machining using a rule for determining machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and/or data for computing machining capabilities. Accordingly, practical machining planning information in light of historical performance can be obtained and a further practical machining planning can be realized.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of generating NC data includes a step of computing a tool path which computes a tool path by considering tooling interference, uncut areas in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process, or by considering uncut areas in the previous process and overlap with the tool path of the previous process. Accordingly, the NC data can be integrally generated with which, the NC data based on an efficient tool path can be obtained, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which machining area data generated at the step of planning a method of machining is fed to the step of generating NC data, and thus the step of computing tool path in the step of generating NC data can devoid of a tool path computing function in consideration of interference in tooling. Accordingly, the NC data can be integrally generated with which, even when the NC data generating means has a reduced function, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of verifying and editing the NC data includes a step of verifying a cutting load and correcting a feed rate in accordance with the verified cutting load. With the step, a stable machining with appropriate load can be realized. The step of verifying and editing the NC data further includes a step of verifying insignificant emptily cutting portions and deleting NC data corresponding to the emptily cutting portions, and editing the NC data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining. With the step, machining time can be minimized by eliminating emptily cutting portions. Accordingly, the third invention provides a method of integrally generating NC data with which the NC data can be generated that enables an accurate and rapid machining.
The third invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which any one of the step of generating NC data, the step of verifying and editing NC data, or the step of outputting NC data includes a step of converting NC data of a format particular to the NC data generating means into NC data of a predetermined format with which an NC machine can operate. Accordingly, because the procedure of converting the NC data can be selectively conducted in any one of the step of generating NC data, the step of verifying and editing NC data, and the step of outputting NC data, which increases the number of degrees of freedom in the process system.
A fourth invention is a method of integrally generating NC data, the method comprising the steps of: inputting a shape of a work piece; planning a method of machining the work piece; generating NC data used for machining the work piece; and outputting the NC data, wherein the NC data of high quality is integrally generated based on shape data of a work piece as the work piece successively passes through these steps.
Here, a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of planning a method of machining includes the steps of: determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost; and determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process. In this method, the machining planning can be automated without requiring cogitation of an operator and can be completed with fewer numbers of man-hour and in a reduced lead time. In this method of integrally generating NC data, machine design information can be obtained with which, because the machining accuracy is improved and the condition can be determined in a remarkably reduced time by setting the cutting conditions in accordance with the tooling, an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The fourth invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the machining planning means plans the method of machining using a rule for determining machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and/or data for computing machining capabilities. Accordingly, practical machining planning information in light of historical performance can be stably obtained and a further practical machining planning can be realized.
The fourth invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which the step of generating NC data includes a step of computing a tool path which computes a tool path by considering tooling interference, uncut areas in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process, or by considering uncut areas in the previous process and overlap with the tool path of the previous process. Accordingly, the NC data can be integrally generated with which, the NC data based on an efficient tool path can be obtained, determination of the condition can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The fourth invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which machining area data generated at the step of planning a method of machining is fed to the step of generating NC data, and thus the step of computing tool path in the step of generating NC data can devoid of a tool path computing function in consideration of interference in tooling. Accordingly, the NC data can be integrally generated with which, even when the NC data generating means has a reduced function, determination of conditions can be completed in a remarkably reduced time and an accurate and rapid machining can be realized.
The fourth invention further provides a method of integrally generating NC data in which either of the step of generating NC data or the step of outputting NC data includes a step of converting NC data of a format particular to the NC data generating means into NC data of a predetermined format with which an NC machine can operate. Accordingly, because the procedure of converting the NC data can be selectively conducted in either of the step of generating NC data or the step of outputting NC data, which increases the number of degrees of freedom in the process system.
A fifth invention provides an integrated CAM system comprising: a shape input means that inputs a shape of a work piece; a machining planning means that plans a machining method of the work piece; an NC data generating means that generates NC data used for machining the work piece; an NC data verifying and editing means that verifies and edits the NC data; and an NC data output means that outputs the verified and edited NC data, wherein, as the work piece successively passes through these means, the NC data is integrally generated based on shape data of the work piece by: providing the shape data of the work piece from the shape input means to the machining planning means; providing the machining method of the work piece and machining conditions for each process from the machining planning means to the NC data generating means; providing unedited NC data of the work piece from the NC data generating means to the NC data verifying and editing means; and providing edited NC data used for actual machining of the work piece from the NC data verifying and editing means to the NC data output means. With this structure of integrally generating the NC data based on shape data of a work piece as the work piece successively passes through these means, the fifth invention attains the above-described object.
A sixth invention is a machining planning system that plans a method of machining the work piece for integrally generating NC data based on shape data of a work piece. The machining planning system comprises: a process determining means that determines processes in consideration of minimum machining cost; and a machining condition determining means that determines, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process. With this structure, the machining planning can be automated without requiring manual operation and can be completed with fewer numbers of man-hour and in a reduced lead time. Accordingly, because machining planning information of high quality is stably obtained, a machining planning system that is ready to solve the problem of lack of skilled operators can be provided.
A seventh invention is a machining planning system that plans a method of machining a work piece for integrally generating NC data based on shape data of the work piece. With the machining planning system, practical machining planning information in light of historical performance can be obtained by using a rule for determining machining mode, a rule for determining cutting conditions and/or data for computing machining capabilities. Accordingly, a machining planning suitable for integral generation of NC data can be realized.
An eighth invention comprises: a process determining means that determines an optimum combination of a plurality of processes for machining a material into an intended product shape and a tool profile of a tool used for machining the material in each process; and a tool movement mode generating means that generates a tool movement mode of a computer-aided manufacturing based on the process determined by the process determining means and the tool profile for each process.
In a ninth invention, a computer functions as: a process determining means that determines an optimum combination of a plurality of processes for machining a material into an intended product shape and a tool profile of a tool used for machining the material in each process; and a tool movement mode generating means that generates a tool movement mode of a computer-aided manufacturing based on the process determined by the process determining means and the tool profile for each process.
According to the eighth and ninth inventions, a simple rule can be established based on each process and each tool profile for machining a material. In this context, the term “product shape” includes the shape of a mold. A tool profile is preferably represented by a tool tip profile, tool diameter, and the like. A preferable apparatus for assisting a machine includes a means that generates NC data, such as a CAM. Using the above-described simple rule, a tool movement mode of the apparatus for assisting the machine can be generated easily.
The eighth invention is characterized in that the tool movement mode generating means includes: a process type data storing means that stores process type data used for determining a machining mode in accordance with a combination of the process and the tool profile; a machining mode determining means that determines a machining mode in accordance with the combination of the process determined by the process determining means and the tool profile for each process using the process type data stored in the process type data storing means; and a mode converting means that converts the machining mode determined by the machining mode determining means into a tool movement mode.
The ninth invention is characterized in that the tool movement mode generating means functions as: a process type data storing means that stores process type data used for determining a machining mode in accordance with a combination of the process and the tool profile; a machining mode determining means that determines a machining mode in accordance with the combination of the process determined by the process determining means and the tool profile for each process using the process type data stored in the process type data storing means; and a mode converting means that converts the machining mode determined by the machining mode determining means into a tool movement mode.
According to the eighth and ninth inventions, a machining mode to be outputted for a combination of a process and a tool profile is described in the process type data stored in the process type data storing means. The process is preferably represented by the order (number) of each process for machining a product shape. A tool profile is preferably represented by a tool tip profile, tool diameter, and the like. Thus, the process type data is formed by a simple rule of a machining mode in accordance with a combination of a process and a tool profile. Using the process type data, a machining mode corresponding to the combination of the process determined by the process determining means and a tool profile for each process, and a tool movement mode converted from the machining mode can be automatically determined.
The eighth invention is characterized in that the process type data storing means stores process type data used for determining a machining mode in accordance with a combination of a process and a tool profile of a tool having a ball-shaped tip profile.
The ninth invention is characterized in that the process type data storing means stores process type data used for determining a machining mode in accordance with a combination of a process and a tool profile of a tool having a ball-shaped tip profile.
According to the eighth and ninth inventions, because the process in accordance with a combination of a process and a tool profile of a tool having a ball-shaped tip profile is described in the process type data, a rule that includes a tool having a ball-shaped process tip profile and a process as a condition can be established. As a result, a practical machining mode for machining three-dimensional curved surface and a tool movement mode converted from the machining mode can be generated.
The eighth invention is characterized in that the mode converting means converts the machining mode determined by the machining mode determining means into the tool movement mode using a conversion table representing correspondence between each machining mode and the tool movement mode.
The ninth invention is characterized in that the mode converting means converts the machining mode determined by the machining mode determining means into the tool movement mode using a conversion table representing correspondence between each machining mode and the tool movement mode.
According to the eighth and ninth inventions, the machining mode determined by the machining mode determining means is converted into the tool movement mode using a conversion table representing correspondence between each machining mode and the tool movement mode. In this context, the term “tool movement mode” refers to a machining mode corresponding to the conventional CAM and, for example, an operating condition at which a tool of a machine is moved. Using the conversion table, data of general tool movement mode can be automatically generated from the machining mode.
A tenth invention comprises: a process determining means that determines a plurality of processes for machining a material into an intended product shape and machining capabilities of each process; a cutting conditions adjusting data storing means that stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data used for adjusting the machining capabilities by dividing the machining capabilities into predetermined directions at the time of cutting; and a cutting conditions generating means that reads out cutting conditions adjusting data corresponding to the product type to be machined from the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means and generates cutting conditions by dividing the machining capabilities of each process determined by the process determining means into the predetermined directions based on the read cutting conditions adjusting data.
In an eleventh invention, a computer functions as: a process determining means that determines a plurality of processes for machining a material into an intended product shape and machining capabilities of each process; a cutting conditions adjusting data storing means that stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data used for adjusting the machining capabilities by dividing the machining capabilities into predetermined directions at the time of cutting; and a cutting conditions generating means that reads out cutting conditions adjusting data corresponding to the product type to be machined from the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means and generates cutting conditions by dividing the machining capabilities of each process determined by the process determining means into the predetermined directions based on the read cutting conditions adjusting data.
According to the tenth and eleventh inventions, the cutting conditions adjusting data representing the manner in which the machining capabilities is divided into predetermined directions at the time of cutting is stored in the cutting conditions adjusting data stored in the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means. The cutting conditions adjusting data is previously determined based on the expertise in the machining field. By dividing the machining capabilities of each process determined by the process determining means into predetermined directions based on the cutting conditions adjusting data, cutting conditions can be automatically determined in accordance with actuality in the machining field.
The tenth invention is characterized in that the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data for adjusting machining capabilities at the time of cutting by dividing the machining capabilities in a predetermined ratio for each one or more stages with respect to a depth of cut in an axial direction of the tool, a depth of cut in a radial direction of the tool and a feed rate; and the cutting conditions generating means generates cutting conditions by dividing, based on the read cutting conditions adjusting data, the machining capabilities of each process determined by the process determining means in a predetermined ratio with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate.
The eleventh invention is characterized in that the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data for adjusting machining capabilities at the time of cutting by dividing the machining capabilities in a predetermined ratio for each one or more stages with respect to a depth of cut in an axial direction of the tool, a depth of cut in a radial direction of the tool and a feed rate; and the cutting conditions generating means generates cutting conditions by dividing, based on the read cutting conditions adjusting data, the machining capabilities of each process determined by the process determining means in a predetermined ratio with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate.
According to the tenth and eleventh inventions, the cutting conditions adjusting data further describes that the machining capabilities at the time of cutting is divided in a predetermined ratio for each one or more stages with respect to the depth of cut in an axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in a radial direction of the tool and the feed rate. For some types of tools, pick field amount may by used instead of the depth of cut in the radial direction. By dividing the machining capabilities in a predetermined ratio for each one or more stages with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate, each cutting condition with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and thee feed rate can be automatically determined using the cutting conditions adjusting data based on the expertise in the machining field.
The tenth invention is characterized in that the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data that describes, for each stage, a lower limit value representing that each cutting condition with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated; and when at least one of the cutting conditions with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated, the cutting conditions generating means generates cutting conditions by dividing the machining capabilities in a predetermined ratio of a next stage with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate.
The eleventh invention is characterized in that the cutting conditions adjusting data storing means stores, for each product type, cutting conditions adjusting data that describes, for each stage, a lower limit value representing that each cutting condition with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated; and when at least one of the cutting conditions with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated, the cutting conditions generating means generates cutting conditions by dividing the machining capabilities in a predetermined ratio of a next stage with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate.
According to the tenth and eleventh inventions, the cutting conditions adjusting data further describes, for each stage, a lower limit value representing that each cutting condition with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated. When at least one of the cutting conditions with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate is saturated, the machining capabilities is divided in a predetermined ratio of a next stage with respect to the depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, the depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool and the feed rate. Here, the saturated cutting condition is preferably set to the lower limit value. As a result, when the machining capabilities varies as the process advances, machining capabilities is re-divided using the cutting conditions adjusting data based on the expertise in the machining field, and thus efficient machining is realized.
A twelfth invention comprises: a machining coordinate system data storing means that stores, for each product type, machining coordination data including at least one of a machining start position representing an original position of the tool of the machine, a tool movement start position representing a position at which the tool begins to be moved, and a free movement area representing an area in which the tool can be freely moved; and a tool position data generating means that generates tool position data for specifying at least one of the machining start position representing the original position of the tool of the machine, the tool movement start position and the free movement area used for machining an intended mold shape by reading out, from the machining coordinate system data storing means, and utilizing the machining coordinate system data in accordance with the intended product type.
In a thirteenth invention, a computer functions as: a machining coordinate system data storing means that stores, for each product type, machining coordination data including at least one of a machining start position representing an original position of the tool of the machine, a tool movement start position representing a position at which the tool begins to be moved, and a free movement area representing an area in which the tool can be freely moved; and a tool position data generating means that generates tool position data for specifying at least one of the machining start position representing the original position of the tool of the machine, the tool movement start position and the free movement area used for machining an intended mold shape by reading out, from the machining coordinate system data storing means, and utilizing the machining coordinate system data in accordance with the intended product type.
According to the twelfth and thirteenth inventions, the machining coordinate system data describes at least one of the machining start position representing the original position of the tool of the machine, the tool movement start position representing the position at which the tool begins to be moved, and the free movement area representing an area in which the tool can be freely moved. The machining start position is preferably set to the minimum or maximum value of each X, Y and Z axis on a product reference surface. The free movement area is an area in which the tool can be freely and rapidly moved, and is preferably provided at one side of the X, Y and Z surfaces. By generating tool position data that specifies at least one of the machining start position representing the original position of the tool of the machine, the tool movement start position and the free movement area using the coordination system data in accordance with the intended product type, pre-operations for controlling the machine can be automatically conducted.
A fourteenth invention comprises: a tool operation information storing means that stores, for each product type and for each tool movement mode corresponding to an apparatus for assisting a machine, tool operation information including at least one of approach tool operation information representing conditions under which a tool approaches the cutting start position, and retraction tool operation information representing conditions under which a tool moves away from a cutting end position; and a tool operation information generating means that generates at least one of the approach tool operation information and the retraction tool operation information, by reading out the tool operation information which corresponds to the product type to be machined and the tool movement mode used for machining the product type, and generating at least one of the approach tool operation information and the retraction tool operation information using the read tool operation information.
In a fifteenth invention, a computer functions as: a tool operation information storing means that stores, for each product type and for each tool movement mode corresponding to an apparatus for assisting a machine, tool operation information including at least one of approach tool operation information representing conditions under which a tool approaches the cutting start position, and retraction tool operation information representing conditions under which a tool moves away from a cutting end position; and a tool operation information generating means that generates at least one of the approach tool operation information and the retraction tool operation information, by reading out the tool operation information which corresponds to the product type to be machined and the tool movement mode used for machining the product type, and generating at least one of the approach tool operation information and the retraction tool operation information using the read tool operation information.
According to the fourteenth and fifteenth inventions, the tool operation information exists for each product type and for each tool movement mode in accordance with the apparatus for assisting the machine. The tool operation information further includes at least one of the approach tool operation information representing conditions under which the tool approaches the cutting start position, and the retraction tool operation information representing conditions under which the tool moves away from the cutting end position. The approach tool operation information is preferably represented by a value representing an operation of the tool moving toward the initial cutting command position, i.e., the distance that the tool is rapidly moved upward from the initial cutting command position, and a value representing the position above the initial cutting command position at which the tool begins approach operation. The retraction tool operation information is preferably represented by a value representing the distance that the tool is rapidly moved upward from the last cutting command position. Then, at least one of the approach tool operation information and the retraction tool operation information of the tool movement mode used for machining the product shape is generated using the tool operation information in accordance with the intended product type and the tool movement mode for machining the product type. Because the tool operation information at the time of approaching and retracting is generated in this manner, troubles such as breakage of the tool caused during machining can be prevented and pre-operations for control of the machine can be automatically conducted.
Referring now to the drawings, embodiments of an integrated CAM system, a method of integrally generating NC data and a machining planning system relating to the present invention will be described.
In
The reference numeral 2 denotes a machining planning means that plans a method of machining the work piece using the shape data of the work piece inputted from the input means 1 and data stored in a database such as a process model, process type, a list of tools of normal use, a list of combination of holders of normal use, and a list of machine of normal use. The machining planning means 2 includes a process determining means 2-1 for determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost, and a machining condition determining means 2-2 for determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process.
The reference numeral 3 denotes an NC data generating means that generates, based on the design data designed by the machining planning means, NC data used for machining the work piece. The NC data generating means includes a tool path computing means 3-1 which computes a tool path in consideration of tooling interference, uncut area in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process.
The reference numeral 4 denotes an NC data verifying and editing means that verifying and editing the NC data generated in the NC data generating means. The NC data verifying and editing means includes: a feed rate correcting means 4-1 that verifies a cutting load and corrects a feed rate in accordance with the verified cutting load; and an NC data deleting and editing means 4-2 for emptily cutting portions that verifies insignificant emptily cutting portions and deletes NC data corresponding to the emptily cutting portions, and edits the NC data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining.
The reference numeral 5 denotes an output means that outputs the NC data from the NC data verifying and editing means to an NC machine or to a dedicated personal computer, which is provided between NC machines or the like.
In
In
The reference numeral a2 denotes a step of planning a method of machining the work piece using the shape data of the work piece inputted by the input means 1 and data stored in a database such as a process model, process type, a list of tools of normal use, a list of combination of holders of normal use, and a list of machine of normal use. The step a2 of planning a method of machining includes: a step a2-1 of determining processes in consideration of minimum machining cost; and a step a2-2 of determining, for each determined process, tooling conditions, tool movement conditions suitable for the process, and cutting conditions suitable for the process in consideration of interference and rigidity.
The reference numeral a3 denotes a step of generating, based on the design data designed by the machining planning means, NC data used for machining the work piece. The step of generating NC data includes a step a3-1 of computing a tool path which computes a tool path by considering tooling interference, uncut area in a previous process, and overlap with a tool path of the previous process.
The reference numeral a4 denotes a step of verifying and editing the NC data generated in the step of generating NC data. The step of verifying and editing the NC data includes: a step a4-1 of verifying a cutting load and correcting a feed rate in accordance with the verified cutting load; and a step a4-2 of verifying insignificant emptily cutting portions and deleting NC data corresponding to the emptily cutting portions, and editing the NC data around the emptily cutting portions in consideration of the effects on machining.
The reference numeral a5 denotes a step of outputting the NC data from the NC data verifying and editing means to an NC machine or to a dedicated personal computer, which is provided between NC machines or the like.
In
Next, referring to
In the first embodiment shown in
These three modules are connected to each other such that the machining planning module 2 and the NC data generating module 3 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 6, and the NC data generating module 3 and the NC data verifying and editing module 4 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 7.
The dedicated interface 6 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the machining planning module into the information that can be input into the NC data generating module, and a function to add information such as machining coordinate system, information regarding approaching and retracting, and the like.
The dedicated interface 7 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the NC data generating module into the information that can be input into the NC data verifying and editing module, and a function to add information such as machining clamp, and the like.
Next, referring to
In the second embodiment shown in
These three modules are connected to each other such that the machining planning module 2 and the NC data generating module 3 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 6, and the NC data generating module 3 and the NC data verifying and editing module 4 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 7.
The dedicated interface 6 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the machining planning module into the information that can be input into the NC data generating module, and a function to add information such as machining coordinate system, information regarding approaching and retracting, and the like.
The dedicated interface 7 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the NC data generating module into the information that can be input into the NC data verifying and editing module, and a function to add information such as machining clamp, and the like.
The second embodiment shown in
Regarding paths other than the approach and retract path (i.e., paths within the machining area fed from the machining planning module), verification is unnecessary because the machining planning module decides tooling that is free of interference.
Next, referring to
In the third embodiment shown in
The machining planning module 2 and the NC data generating module 3 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 6.
The dedicated interface 6 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the machining planning module into the information that can be input into the NC data generating module, and a function to add information such as machining coordinate system, information regarding approaching and retracting, and the like.
The third embodiment is characterized in that the NC data outputted from the NC data generating module is the final output of the system and the NC data can be directly input into the NC machine or can be input into another apparatus that has a function to verify and edit the NC data.
Next, referring to
In the fourth embodiment shown in
The machining planning module 2 and the NC data generating module 3 are connected to each other by a dedicated interface 6.
The dedicated interface 6 has a function to convert the information that is outputted from the machining planning module into the information that can be input into the NC data generating module, and a function to add information such as machining coordinate system, information regarding approaching and retracting, and the like.
The fourth embodiment shown in
Regarding paths other than the approach and retract path (i.e., paths within the machining area fed from the machining planning module), verification is unnecessary because the machining planning module decides tooling that is free of interference.
Further, the NC data outputted from the NC data generating module is the final output of the system and the NC data can be directly input into the NC machine or can be input into another apparatus that has a function to verify and edit the NC data.
Referring to
Technical meanings of the terms used in the above description will be explained below.
Machining Mode
Machining mode is among the tool movement conditions during machining, and is the necessary information to be input into the NC data generating means.
The NC data generating means computes a tool path when the tool is moved in accordance with the machining mode.
Typical machining mode includes a contour line machining mode, scanning line machining mode, along-surface machining mode, and the like. Some of these machining modes are specific to the NC data generating means.
Rule for Determining Machining Mode
A rule for determining machining mode is a rule for determining a machining mode for each process using, as identification data, the process determined in the process computing section, the tool configuration for each process and the machining mode stored in the NC data generating means that is separately registered.
Rule for Determining Cutting Conditions
A rule for determining cutting conditions is a rule for dividing the value of machining capabilities, in accordance with the tooling for each process determined in the process computing section, with respect to a depth of cut in the axial direction of the tool, a depth of cut in the radial direction of the tool, and a feed rate.
The value of machining capabilities is represented by the cutting volume per unit time in the process computing section for rough cutting, and by the cutting area per unit time in the process computing section for finish cutting.
Computed Data of Machining Capabilities
Computed data of machining capabilities is, for example, the tool coefficient determined from the material and profile of the tool and the like, and the work piece coefficient determined from the material of the work piece. A reference value of machining capabilities of a tool (a process) is computed by substituting the data in a predetermined computation equation. Further, a value of machining capabilities in consideration of tooling rigidity is computed by correcting the reference value of machining capabilities using a comparative value of the rigidity of a predetermined reference tooling and the rigidity of an actually used tooling. These processes are conducted in the process computing section.
In case that cutting conditions in accordance with the tool are registered in the machining information database, the reference machining capabilities is computed by multiplying the given depth of cutting in the axial direction and the feed rate without using the computed data of machining capabilities.
Next, requirement for the NC data generating module, which is a component of the present invention, will be described.
Generation of NC Data in Consideration of Interference in Tooling
Conventionally, the tool path has been computed based only on recognition of tool configuration without recognition of tool length or a holder. In the present invention, because the tool path is computed based on recognition of the tooling such as the tool length and the holder as well as the tool configuration, the NC data can be generated with respect to the area where a designated tooling advances to the utmost using the function to recognize the interference in tooling.
Generation of NC Data in Consideration of Uncut Portions
Conventionally-generated NC data was used for finish cutting the surface without recognizing portions remaining uncut in previous processes. The present invention, however, has a function to recognize the portions remaining uncut in previous processes. In case that many uncut portions exist, the present invention generates the NC data with which the uncut portions are removed before the surface is finished.
Generation of NC Data in Consideration of Overlap Between Machined Portions
In conventional machining, because it was impossible to recognize portions that have already machined, an operator had to designate the area for which the NC data would be generated to avoid overlap of NC data. The present invention, however, has a function to recognize the portions machined in previous processes, and the NC data with which the already-machine portions are not re-machined can be generated.
Next, requirement for the NC data verifying and editing module, which is a component of the present invention, will be described.
Correction of Feed Rate in Accordance with Cutting Load
Cutting load during cutting is predicted by simulation to correct the cutting feed rate command described in the NC data.
Deleting and Editing of Emptily Cutting Tool Path
Emptily cutting tool paths have conventionally been deleted and edited by an operator through screen operation. Otherwise, the NC data has been used for machining that includes empty tool operation. In the present invention, however, emptily cutting paths or emptily rapid transfer path in the NC data are detected and deleted. Then, to avoid interference or absurdity caused by uniform deletion, the paths around the deleted path are edited and rationalized.
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the fifth embodiment, a concrete method for determining the machining mode and the cutting conditions shown in
As shown in
Further, the integrated CAM apparatus 20 comprises a machining planning section 20A that plans concrete machining processes using the data of the mold shape designed by the CAD 10, and an NC data generating section 20B that generates the NC data based on the processes planned by the machining planning section 20A. The NC data generating section 20B has a function as a conventionally used CAM, or an apparatus for assisting the machine that generates the NC data in accordance with the type of the machine 40 using the data of the mold shape. Accordingly, a general purpose CAM may be provided instead of the NC data generating section 20B.
The machining planning section 20A outputs data regarding which tool to be used, which procedure to be employed, and which operation to be conducted with respect to the mold shape designed by the CAD 10. Specifically, the machining planning section 20A seeks the following: “process” indicating the process of the material through the last machining; “tool configuration” indicating the shape of a tool used in each process; “tooling” indicating combinations of tools used in each process and holders holding the tools; “machining capabilities” indicating the cutting volume or cutting area per unit time in each process; “CAM machining mode” indicating a machining mode (tool movement mode) in accordance with the NC data generating section 20B; and “cutting conditions” indicating the values of the machining capabilities divided in three dimensional directions in accordance with the conditions during cutting. The term “tooling” means the combinations of the tool attached to the holder protruding from the holder at a predetermined protruding amount. Different tooling provides different machining capabilities.
As shown in
The process model database 21 stores a plurality of process models. The process model, provided for each type of product (mold), describes material of a metal mold, method of machining, adjustment during cutting, and the like. The product type includes, for example as shown in
The process model includes one or more sets of process modes or process mode types. For example, the process model shown in
The process model includes “process mode”, “process type code”, “maximum and minimum diameter of used tools”, “material code”, “cutting conditions adjusting code”, “machining mode converting code”, “tool replacement load coefficient” and “stage replacement load coefficient”.
The “process mode” represents summary of machining content of the process model of interest. For example, the process mode [R] represents rough cutting and the process model [F] represents finish cutting.
The “process type code” represents concrete machining content. For example, as shown in
The “maximum [A] and minimum [B] diameter of used tools” indicates that the maximum diameter of the used tool is A[mm], and the minimum diameter of the used tool is B[mm].
The “material code” represents the material of the metal mold to be machined. The “material code” is roughly classified into ferric metal and non-ferric metal as shown in
The “machining mode converting code” is used for selecting a predetermined machining mode converting data from the machining mode converting database 25. The machining mode converting data is represented by a table used for converting the machining mode of the machining planning section 20A into a CAM machining mode in accordance with the model (type) of the NC data generating section 20B. The “machining mode converting code” is assigned in accordance with the model and machining content of the NC data generating section 20B. For example, as shown in
The “cutting conditions adjusting code” is used for selecting a predetermined cutting conditions adjusting data from the cutting conditions adjusting database 27. The cutting conditions adjusting data is represented by a table indicating how the machining capabilities of the tooling is divided in a predetermined direction (depth of cut in axial direction, depth of cut in radial direction, or feed rate).
As shown in
The facility information database 22 stores a plurality of tool information as the information regarding tools shown in
The process determining section 23 determines “process (e.g., process number)”, “tool configuration for each process (e.g., tool tip configuration and tool diameter)”, “tooling” and “machining capabilities” through simulation using information such as “product shape (mold shape)”, “material shape”, “product type”, tool information and holder information stored in the facility information database 22.
The process type database 24 stores a plurality of process types. The process type represents rules for determining the machining mode such as “rough cutting” or “middle-finish cutting” for each process determined by the process determining section 23.
The “process type” is formed as shown in
Further, the “process type” includes the number of conditions representing the number of conditions for determining the machining mode and the content of conditions representing the content of conditions for determining the machining mode. The machining mode shown in
Each content of the conditions indicates that when the “process number”, “ball process order”, “tool tip profile”, “previous machining mode” and “tool diameter” are input, then “process division number”, “machining mode” and “remained width coefficient” are outputted.
The “process number” represents the order of the process of interest. For example, “[=][1]” represents the process number 1, and “[>][1]” represents the process number greater than 1, i.e., the process number 2 or greater.
The “ball process order” represents the order of process only regarding the tools having ball-shaped tip profile (ball tools) in the process of interest. That is, the “ball process order” represents the order of the tools having ball-shaped tip profile extracted from the process with the process numbers from 1 assigned thereto. For example, “[=][1]” represents the process number 1 only regarding the ball tools, and “[>][1]” represents the process number greater than 1, i.e., the process number 2 or greater only regarding the ball tools.
The “tool tip profile” represents the tip profile of the tool. For example, [FLAT] represents flat tools, [RADIUS] represents radius tools, and [BALL] represents ball tools.
The “previous machining mode” represents the machining mode determined for the machining mode directly before the process of interest. For the machining mode, for example, [RC] represents rough cutting mode, [MC] represents middle-finish cutting mode, [FC] represents finish cutting mode, and [LFC] represents local finish cutting mode. Other machining mode includes, as shown in
The “tool diameter” represents the diameter of tools. For example, [>20] represents the tool diameter greater than 20 mm, and [<20] represents the tool diameter equal to or smaller than 20 mm (including 20 mm).
The “process division number” represents how many numbers the process of interest is to be divided. For example, [1] represents that the process of interest is not divided, and [2] represents that the process of interest is to be divided into two.
The “machining mode” represents the machining mode of the process of interest and is represented by the codes shown in
When the “process division number” is [2], the “machining mode” is provided for each of the processes serially divided into two. For example, the “machining mode” in the condition 7 indicates that the initial mode is the middle-finish cutting with smoothing mode [MC+] and then switches to the finish cutting with smoothing mode [FC+]. The “machining mode” in the condition 12 indicates that the initial mode is the local middle-finish cutting mode [LMC] and then switches to the local finish cutting mode [LFC].
Therefore, in the “integrated rough cutting and finish cutting” of the process type code [11], the process type data shown in
The machining mode converting database 25 stores the machining mode converting data used for converting the machining mode into the CAM machining mode for each mode of the NC data generating section 20B [CAM]. The machining mode converting data includes machining mode converting codes shown in
For example, the “machining mode converting code” [11] represents that the CAM mode is “aaaa” and a “contour line machining” will be conducted. Further, the machining mode converting code are provided for each CAM mode and machining content, as shown in
The machining mode converting data represents the “process division number” and the “CAM machining mode” to be outputted when the machining mode code is input. For example, when the machining mode code [RC] representing rough cutting is input in the example shown in
The CAM machining mode determining section 26 specifies the process type data in the process type database 24 based on the process type code and the machining mode converting code described in the process model, and then specifies the machining mode converting data in the machining mode converting database 25. The CAM machining mode determining section 26 then determines the CAM machining mode using the specified data and based on the process number of each process, tool configuration, and the like.
The cutting conditions adjusting database 27 stores the cutting conditions adjusting data for each adjusting code. The cutting conditions adjusting data represents that the machining capabilities of the tool is divided in a predetermined ratio with respect to the depth of cut in axial direction, depth of cut in radial direction, and feed rate.
As shown in
The cutting conditions adjusting data specifies “adjusting ratio” and “lower limit value” for each direction of the depth of cut in axial direction, depth of cut in radial direction, and feed rate for each adjusting stage. The “adjusting ratio” is the value represented by percentage indicating the ratio at which the machining capabilities of the tooling is divided. The “adjusting ratio” of “0”% means that the machining capabilities of the direction of interest is set to be a predetermined reference value or the lower limit value. The “lower limit value” is the lower limit value of the division value (cutting conditions) when the machining capabilities is divided in accordance with the “adjusting ratio”. Accordingly, even when the machining capabilities of the tooling is divided in accordance with the “adjusting ratio”, each divided cutting condition does not fall under the “lower limit value”.
The cutting conditions determining section 28 divides the machining capabilities in each process into the depth of cut in axial direction, depth of cut in radial direction, and feed rate using the cutting conditions adjusting data stored in the cutting conditions adjusting database 27 to determine the cutting conditions.
The machining planning section 20A structured as above plans a concrete procedure (e.g., process, tool configuration, tooling, machining capabilities, machining mode and cutting conditions) for machining with the product of interest based on the product shape, material shape and product type.
The process determining section 23 determines a machining procedure, tool configuration, tooling and machining capabilities as an optimum combination that enables the shortest machining time, using information such as product shape, material shape, product type, process model stored in the process model database 21, and facility information (tool information and holder information) stored in the facility information database 22.
In the present embodiment, the process determining section 23 determines the “process” including processes 1 through 6, “tool configuration” in each process, “tooling” and “machining capabilities” thereof, as shown in
Next, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 performs the processes of step ST1 through step ST4 in
In step ST1, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 reads out a process model in accordance with the product type from the process model database 21 and the process proceeds to step ST2. The CAM machining mode determining section 26 may use the process model used in the process determining section 23.
In step ST2, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 extracts a process type code ([11] for example) and a machining mode converting code ([11] for example) described in the process model. Then, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 reads out a process type data having the extracted process type code from the process type database 24 and reads out a machining mode converting data having the extracted machining mode converting code from the machining mode converting database 25, and the process proceeds to step ST3.
Here, we assume that the process type data shown in
In step ST3, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 determines a machining mode using the process type data. Specifically, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 determines whether the “process” determined by the process determining section 23 and the “tool configuration” of the tool used in the process of interest (in case of the process number greater than 2, the “previous machining mode” is included) correspond to which input condition among the thirteen input conditions shown in
In step ST4, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 converts the machining mode for each machining mode into the CAM machining mode based on the correspondence between the input machining mode and the outputted CAM machining mode shown in
As described above, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 selects a process type data and a machining mode converting data based on the process model in accordance with the product type. Then, using the selected data, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 can automatically determine the CAM machining mode in accordance with the NC data generating section 20B by determining a CAM machining mode for each process at the time of machining the product.
The CAM machining mode determining section 26 can determine an accurate machining mode with simple condition content by particularly using the process type data that is used for outputting a machining mode based on a combination of the process number, previous machining mode, tool tip profile, and tool diameter.
Further, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 can determine a preferable and practical machining mode for machining three-dimensional curved surface by using the process type data that requires a process number of a tool having a ball-shaped tip profile to be input.
Moreover, the CAM machining mode determining section 26 can automatically seek a CAM machining mode in accordance with the multi-purpose NC data generating section 20B [CAM] by using a machining mode converting data representing the correspondence between the machining mode and the CAM machining mode.
The cutting conditions determining section 28 performs the processes of step ST11 through step ST18 shown in
In step ST11, the cutting conditions determining section 28 extracts a cutting conditions adjusting code ([13] for example) described in the process model. Then, the cutting conditions determining section 28 reads out a cutting conditions adjusting data having the extracted cutting conditions adjusting code from the cutting conditions adjusting database 27 and the step proceeds to step ST12. As a result, the cutting conditions determining section 28 reads out the cutting conditions adjusting data shown in
In step ST12, the cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the initial value of the n th stage specifying the stage to be adjusted to 1, and sets the initial value of the process m specifying the process to 1, and the process proceeds to step ST13.
In step ST13, the cutting conditions determining section 28 divides the machining capabilities for the process of the process number m based on the adjusting ratio on the n the stage. Hereinafter, we assume that the machining capabilities in each process of process number 1 or later is as follows and the machining capabilities will be described referring to
machining capabilities of tooling in the process number 1 of process: 2500 [mm3/min]
machining capabilities of tooling in the process number 2 of process: 20 [mm3/min]
machining capabilities of tooling in the process number 3 of process: 8 [mm3/min]
(process number 4 or later will be omitted)
The cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the feed rate of the first stage to a predetermined reference value (100 for example) of the tooling of interest and divides 50% of the balance machining capabilities of the tooling to the depth of cut in the axial direction and 50% to the depth of cut in the radial direction. Namely, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial and radial directions is denoted by:
In this manner, the cutting conditions determining section 28 divides the machining capabilities 2500 of the process number 1 based on the cutting conditions adjusting data, and seeks the cutting conditions [5] for the depth of cut in the axial and radial directions and the cutting conditions [100] for the feed rate. Then, the process proceeds to step ST14. The machining capabilities of the process of interest can be obtained by multiplying the depth of cut in the axial/radial directions and the feed rate.
In step ST14, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines whether the parameters to be adjusted have been saturated, that is, whether each cutting condition with respect to the depth of cut in the axial/radial directions and the feed rate has been saturated. When neither of the cutting conditions has been saturated, the process proceeds to step ST15. When some of the cutting conditions (except the adjusting ratio of 0) have been saturated, the process proceeds to step ST18. When all the cutting conditions (except the adjusting ratio of 0) have been saturated, the process proceeds to step ST19.
In step ST15, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines each cutting condition sought in step ST13 (in the above-described example, the cutting conditions [5] for the depth of cut in the axial and radial directions and the cutting conditions [100] for the feed rate) and proceeds to step ST16.
In step ST16, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines whether division of the machining capabilities of all the processes has completed. When the division has completed, a series of processes terminates and when the division has not completed, the process proceeds to step ST17.
In step ST17, the cutting conditions determining section 28 increments the process number m (m=m+1) so that the machining capabilities of the next process is to be divided. Then, the process returns to step ST13. Then, the cutting conditions determining section 28 repeats the processes of step ST13 and steps thereafter.
The cutting conditions determining section 28 divides the machining capabilities for the processes of process number 2 and greater in the following manner. In step ST13, when the machining capabilities of the process of process number 2 is 20, the cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the feed rate in the first stage to the reference value of 100 used in step ST13 and divides 50% of the balance machining capabilities of the tooling to the depth of cut in the axial direction and 50% to the depth of cut in the radial direction. Namely, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial and radial directions is denoted by:
Here, the cutting condition [0.447] for the depth of cut in the axial direction is greater than the lower limit value of 0.1. However, the cutting condition [0.447] for the depth of cut in the radial direction is smaller than the lower limit value of 0.5, and is in a saturated state. Thus, in step ST14, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines that only the depth of cut in the radial direction is saturated and the process proceeds to step ST18.
In step ST18, the cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the radial direction that fell under the lower limit value to the lower limit value of 0.5. The cutting conditions determining section 28 re-sets the feed rate at the first stage to the reference value of 100 that was used in step ST13, re-sets the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the radial direction to the lower limit value of 0.5, and divides the balance machining capabilities to the depth of cut in the axial direction. As a result, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction can be denoted by:
The cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction is 0.4, which is greater than the lower limit value of 0.1 and thus is not saturated. Therefore, the cutting conditions determining section 28 outputs the cutting conditions for the depth of cut in the axial/radial directions and the feed rate, and the process proceeds to step ST16. After steps ST16 and ST17, the cutting conditions determining section 28 returns to step ST13 for division of the machining capabilities of the next process of process number 3.
The cutting conditions determining section 28 divides the machining capabilities 4 of the next process of process number 3 in the following manner. Again in the first stage, the cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the feed rate for the first stage to the reference value of 100 that was used in step ST13, re-sets the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the radial direction to the lower limit value of 0.5, and divides the balance machining capabilities to the depth of cut in the axial direction. As a result, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction can be denoted by:
Here, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction is smaller than the lower limit value of 0.1 and thus is saturated. Therefore, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines that both of the depth of cut in the axial and radial directions are saturated, and the process proceeds from step ST14 to step ST19.
In step ST19, the cutting conditions determining section 28 increments the n (n=n+1) so that the process proceeds to the next adjusting stage of the cutting conditions adjusting data and the process returns to step ST13. That is, because the cutting conditions determining section 28 processed the first stage of the cutting conditions adjusting data in the above description, the cutting conditions determining section 28 proceeds to the process of the next second stage.
In the second stage of the cutting conditions adjusting data, the adjusting ratio of the depth of cut in the axial direction is 0%, the adjusting ratio of the depth of cut in the radial direction is 100%, and the adjusting ratio of the feed rate is 0%. This means that the cutting conditions determining section 28 sets the machining capabilities of the saturated state in the previous stage (lower limit value of 0.1) for the depth of cut in the axial direction, sets the machining capabilities of the machining capabilities that has been set for the previous stage (the reference value of 100) for the feed rate, and sets all of the balance machining capabilities to the depth of cut in the radial direction. As a result, the cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction can be denoted by:
The cutting conditions of the depth of cut in the axial direction is 0.4, which is greater than the lower limit value of 0.1 and thus is not saturated. Therefore, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines and outputs the cutting condition [100] for the depth of cut in the axial direction, the cutting condition [0.1] for the depth of cut in the radial direction, and the cutting condition [0.4] for the feed rate for the second stage (step ST15).
Then, the cutting conditions determining section 28 determines each cutting condition by repeating the processes of step ST16 and the later steps to divide the machining capabilities of the tooling for each process to the depth of cut in the axial direction, the depth of cut in the radial direction, and the feed rate.
As described above, the cutting conditions determining section 28 can divide the machining capabilities to the depth of cut in the axial direction, the depth of cut in the radial direction, and the feed rate by considering the difference in machining capabilities between processes. Therefore, the cutting conditions determining section 28 can generate the machining data that can be used for machining products under optimum cutting conditions in every process.
Regarding the cutting conditions, when the same cutting load is applied, the tool feed rate may decrease by increasing the depth of cut, or the feed rate may increase by decreasing the depth of cut. That is, the cutting conditions have various alternatives which can be determined by considering the characteristics of the machines or tools, based on the expertise in the machining field.
The cutting conditions determining section 28 can appropriately divide the machining capabilities so as not to come to saturation based on the expertise in the machining field by using the cutting conditions adjusting data including the above-described expertise. Accordingly, the cutting conditions determining section 28 can automatically determine the cutting conditions in accordance with actuality in the machining field.
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and many modifications in design can be made within the scope of the present invention set forth in claims. For example, the process model, process type data, machining mode converting data and cutting conditions adjusting data are used for exemplifying the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, these data may also describe codes and the like different from those described above.
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. Components similar to those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the similar reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. In the sixth embodiment, the integrated CAM apparatus 20 is structured as shown in
As shown in
The machining coordinate system database 31 stores the machining coordinate system data for each “product type code”. Namely, the machining coordinate system data comprises “original position of machining”, “tool movement start position”, “rapid movement Z plane”, and “approaching and retracting code”, as shown in
The “product type code” is used for specifying the mold shape and is similar to that shown in
The “tool movement start position” represents the X-coordinate, Y-coordinate and Z-coordinate of the tool movement start position. Note that X-coordinate, Y-coordinate and Z-coordinate is indicated from the left in the bracket. The “rapid movement Z plane” represents that the tools can be rapidly moved freely on the area above the plane Z of interest. The value within the bracket is the Z-coordinate that represents the plane Z. The “approaching and retracting code” specifies the tool operation information stored in the approach and retract operation information database 33.
The approach and retract operation information database 33 stores tool operation information for each approach and retract operation code. The tool operation information comprises “method of approaching”, “rapid movement approach limit”, “approach operation start position”, and “rapid movement retract start position” for each CAM machining mode, as shown in
The “method of approaching” represents that the tool is moved (moved close) to an initial cutting command position by specifying operations such as a spiral path, circular path, and vertical down. [ZSPI] denotes a spiral motion, [ZCIR] denotes a circular motion, and [ZDOW] denotes a vertical down motion approaching from Z direction. The “rapid movement approach limit” refers to a value representing the distance (in mm) that the tool is rapidly moved upwards from the initial command position.
The “approach operation start position” refers to a value representing the distance (in mm) above the initial cutting command position at which the approach operation begins. The “rapid movement retract start position” refers to a value representing the distance (in mm) above the last cutting command position at which the rapid movement operation begins.
In the thus structured integrated CAM apparatus 20, the machining coordinate system determining section 32 operates as follows.
First, the machining coordinate system determining section 32 reads out machining coordinate system data from the machining coordinate system database 31 based on the product type code provided by the machining planning section 20A. Then, the machining coordinate system determining section 32 extracts the “original position of machining”, “tool movement start position”, “rapid movement Z plane”, and “approaching and retracting code” that are described in the machining coordinate system data of interest. Then, the machining coordinate system determining section 32 provides the “original position of machining”, “tool movement start position”, “rapid movement Z plane” to the NC data generating section 20B and provides the “approaching and retracting code” to the operation determining section 34.
When the product type code is [101] for example, the machining coordinate system determining section 32 extracts [XL], [YL] and [ZL] as the “original position of machining”, [0.0], [0.0] and [200.0] as the “tool movement start position”, and [150.0] as the “rapid movement Z plane” and provides them to the NC data generating section 20B. The machining coordinate system determining section 32 also provides [11] as the “approaching and retracting code” to the approach and retract operation determining section 34.
The approach and retract operation determining section 34 extracts “method of approaching”, “rapid movement approach limit”, “approach operation start position”, and “rapid movement retract start position” among the tool operation information based on the “approaching and retracting code” provided from the machining coordinate system determining section 32 and the CAM machining mode provided from the machining planning section 20A and provides them to the NC data generating section 20B.
As a result, the NC data generating section 20B can generate NC data using the data such as the “original position of machining” provided from the machining coordinate system determining section 32 and the “method of approaching” provided from the approach and retract operation determining section 34.
The tool path at the time of approaching and retracting is an important factor upon which whether the tool breaks or not depends, and was conventionally determined by an operator.
However, the integrated CAM apparatus relating to the embodiment of the present invention can determine a safe and appropriate tool path based on the expertise of skilled operators in accordance with product types, by using the machine coordination system data describing data regarding tool path at the time of approaching and retracting and the tool operation information. Therefore, because the integrated CAM apparatus 20 can generate NC data that includes the data regarding tool path at the time of approaching and retracting, the problems such as breakage of tools in the machine during machining can be avoided.
Note that the machining coordinate system database 31, the machining coordinate system determining section 32, the approach and retract operation information database 33 and the approach and retract operation determining database 34 can be provided on a dedicated interface that is provided between the machining planning section 20A and the NC data generating section 20B. With this structure, by merely interposing the dedicated interface between the machining planning section 20A and the NC data generating section 20B, various machining planning section 20A and NC data generating section 20B can be integrated, whereby flexibility and extendibility of the overall system are improved remarkably.
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and many modifications in design can be made within the scope of the present invention set forth in claims. For example, the machining coordinate system data and the tool operation information are used for exemplifying the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, these data may also describe codes and the like different from those described above.
As described above, the integrated CAM system, the method of integrally generating NC data, the machining planning system, the machining data generating apparatus and the program therefor are used for implementing mechanical or electrical machining using the NC data.
Teramoto, Kazunari, Kuwano, Yoshimasa
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