A method of www page retrieval from a web site, comprising entering information associated with the site; and directly displaying said page, using a browser, without any additional user intervention. Preferably, the information is in a non-Latin language. Alternatively or additionally, the information does not meet domain name specifications, for example, being in a free-form format.
|
1. A method of www page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
receiving information associated with content of a web site, wherein said received information is not a www address and comprises characters typed for entry by a user into a url entry field in a browser operable on an electronic device having web browsing capabilities in which a standard url address would be entered;
said information being received by a software not associated with said web site;
determining a geographical location of the user;
providing a page address of a page of said web site, responsive to said information and said determined geographical location, by said software;
sending the page address to the browser for retrieving said page responsive to said page address; and
thereby causing said page to be directly displayed to the user using the browser, without any additional user intervention beyond the entry of said information.
39. A method of www page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
receiving information associated with content of a web site, wherein said received information is not a www address and comprises characters typed for entry by a user into a url entry field in a browser operable on an electronic device having web browsing capabilities, in which a standard url address would be entered;
said information being received by a software not associated with said site, along with user-dependent information not entered by the user in a session in which said received information is entered by the user;
analyzing said received information using user-dependent information other than said received information entered by the user;
providing a page address of a page of said site, responsive to said received information entered by the user and said analysis, by said software;
sending the page address to the browser for retrieving said page responsive to said page address; and
thereby causing said page to be directly displayed to the user using the browser, without any additional user intervention beyond the entry of said information,
wherein said user-dependent information includes at least one of geographical location of the user, the user belonging to a certain customer club, the user profile, the user age, and the user browsing habits.
9. A method of www page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
receiving information associated with content of a web site, wherein said received information is not a www address and comprises characters typed for entry by a user into a url entry field in a browser operable on an electronic device having web browsing capabilities, in which a standard url address would be entered;
said information being received by a software not associated with said site;
analyzing said information to correct spelling in said information to a spelling-corrected input;
providing a page address of a page of said site, responsive to said spelling corrected input, by said software;
sending the page address to the browser for retrieving said page responsive to said page address; and
thereby causing said page to be directly displayed to the user using the browser, without any additional user intervention beyond the entry of said information,
wherein said page address is determined using a database of associations, said database is at least logically associated with a particular user, and said database includes user information regarding a particular user, which user information is entered by said user, which page is selected for display responsive to said user information and wherein said database is stored at a location remote from where said information received by said software is entered by the user for display of said page.
2. A method according to
4. A method according to
5. A method according to
6. A method according to
7. A method according to
8. A method according to
10. A method according to
11. A method according to
12. A method according to
13. A method according to
14. A method according to
15. A method according to
16. A method according to
17. A method according to
18. A method according to
19. A method according to
21. A method according to
24. A method according to
25. A method according to
26. A method according to
27. A method according to
28. A method according to
29. A method according to
30. A method according to
31. A method according to
32. A method according to
33. A method according to
34. A method according to
35. A method according to
36. A method according to
37. A method according to
38. A method according to
40. A method according to
42. A method according to
|
The present invention relates to world wide web page retrieval and, in particular, to methods and apparatus for performing such retrieval using a minimally restrictive syntax.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of protocols that allow a user to download and upload pages of information between his computer and other computers, typically using a program called a browser. The usual mode of operation includes opening a browser, entering a URL (Uniform Resource Locator), and viewing the page fetched by the browser. The actual pages of information are located on physical host machines, each of which may be mapped to one or more domain names. Typically each domain is served by one host machine.
URL syntax is described in RFC 1630 (“Uniform Resource Identifiers in WWW”). The URL syntax relies heavily on the domain name space, as defined in RFCs 1034 (“Domain Names—Concepts and Facilities”), 1035 (“Domain Names Implementation and Specification”) and 883 (Domain names—Implementation and Specification”).
A network resource (host) is identified in the domain name space by a string containing 1 or more labels (each up to a maximum of 63 characters), separated by periods. The periods are intended to define and outline the hierarchical structure of domain name space. Although RFC 1034 permits the use of 8-bit binary encoding, it is suggested that applications use 7 bit ASCII for naming. Further, the suggested and currently implemented (de facto) naming scheme uses labels consisting only of alphanumeric characters from the Latin (ISO Latin 1) Character set plus the hyphen character. A valid name must start with a letter and the rest of the name should contain only letters, digits or hyphens.
Thus, the naming conventions for domains (and consequently sites and URLs) are rather restricted. Typically, there is an attempt to identify a particular site with a particular site owner, so that the address is meaningful. For example, IBM has a web site with the address “http://www.ibm.com” (“.com” indicates commercial), Microsoft has the address “http://www.microsoft.com” but Microsoft Network has the address of “http://www.msn.com”. The restrictions make it easy to create a one-to-one mapping between web addresses and a particular site. However, these addresses must be entered accurately. Any mistake will result in the site not being located.
In many countries, English is not a native tongue. Meaningful WWW addresses in such countries are typically created by transliterating the name of the site owner into Latin letters. Unfortunately, many languages do not have an accepted and widely known standard of transliteration. Thus, there may be several plausible transliterations for a single name, resulting in several possible meaningful addresses, only one of which is correct.
Another problem is that the current address name scheme is not user friendly. First, in countries in which most people are not English speaking, the use of Latin letters and/or English spelling conventions may be a burden to many users, especially non-experienced users. In addition, in many cases there is no direct relationship between the name of the site owner and the address of his site. Guessing the address is typically not an option. Further, in countries where the name is transliterated, even if a meaningful address is created (such as for IBM, above) there is still no guarantee that a casual user will correctly transliterate that name from his native language. In many cases, the site addresses can be used as mnemonics, i.e., once the address is known, its content makes it easy to remember. However, it is often impossible to reconstruct the correct address from the name of the site owner.
For these and other reasons, search engines and WWW directories have been developed, in which a user enters a name and/or other information regarding the site owner and a WWW page containing a list of possible site addresses is generated and presented to the user. Some search engines allow the entry of non-Latin characters. In addition, various automated agents and SearchBots have been developed which serve as online search agents and which interface directly with the browser, for example, the WebTurbo software. In some browsers, an incorrectly entered name will automatically pull up a search page.
Some Web browsers allow a user to maintain a local list of preferred locations, which are stored and accessed by selection of a nickname and/or a description from a list, rather than by entering a complete URL. In some browsers, an incompletely typed URL may be automatically expanded by the addition of a standard suffix or postfix. Another helpful feature is automatic completion of URLs. If a URL has been previously used, entering the first few characters thereof will cause the entire URL to be suggested to a user.
The underlying addressing system in the Internet is based on numeric strings. However, in order to provide some measure of comfort, textual addresses, as described above, are used. A DNS (Domain Name Server) is a distributed application that translates textual addresses into numeric addresses. If the address is incorrectly formatted or incorrectly entered, it does not generate a proper numeric address. Rather it returns an output which generates an error message at the requester. The different DNS servers update each other with new mappings of textual addresses to numeric addresses.
Many network systems supply aliasing support and/or “hosts” files that contain associations between numeric strings and textual strings. In some systems, for example Microsoft Windows 95 with Hebrew Support, it is possible to enter and use (on the network, not on an external DNS) a host name including non-Latin characters. It should be noted that host names are also limited, for example, they cannot contain spaces.
M. Duerst, in WWW document “http://www.w3.org/international/draft-duerst-dns-i18n-00.txt” (a working draft), suggests introducing a new zero-level domain to allow the use of arbitrary characters from the Universal Character Set (ISO 10646), also known as Unicode, in domain names. Duerst suggests an implementation in which software with an internationalized user interface, such as a web browser will be responsible for conversions. The software would analyze the domain name, call the (DNS) resolver directly if the domain name conforms to the domain name syntax restrictions and otherwise encode the name according to the specifications described in the document. Duerst also suggests providing a separate look up service that programs will call if a domain name contains characters outside the allowed range. Francois Yergeau, in WWW document “http://www.alis.com:8085/˜yergeau/url-00.html”, suggests an 8-bit encoding for the Unicode, called UTF-8 (UCS Transformation Format 8), which preserves the full US-ASCII range, so that it is compatible with file systems, parsers and other software which relay on US-ASCII values but are transparent to other (8-bit) values.
It is an object of some embodiments of the present invention, to allow a user to retrieve a WWW page using a native language, other than English and optionally using non-Latin characters, such as Cyrillic, Hebrew and Arabic.
It is an object of some preferred embodiments of the invention to allow flexible naming of Domains and URLs, preferably using non-Latin characters. Preferably, the length is not substantially limited in length.
It is an object of some preferred embodiments of the invention to allow a user to enter partial information regarding a site owner, preferably without imposing an order on the information. Preferably, such information directly retrieves a home page, which belongs to a site matching the entered information.
It is an object of some preferred embodiments of the invention, to allow a user to directly access WWW pages, without requiring the user to recall long and/or obtuse URLs and/or without requiring the user to make selections and/or perform any additional procedure beyond what would have been required if the user had in fact typed the URL.
It is an object of some preferred embodiments of the invention to allow a user to surf the WWW using his native language, preferably, without requiring changes in existing hardware/software products.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a user enters a native language alias and/or name for a site owner and that input is converted into a numeric string address, so that data stored at the site can be retrieved. Preferably, the user enters the input into a standard portion of a browser, a location entry window, just as a standard URL would be entered. In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the input is converted by a DNS server. Preferably the DNS server directly translates the input to a numeric string. Alternatively, the DNS translates the input to a corresponding standard URL, which is then translated into a numeric string.
Alternatively, the input is translated into a standard URL by a local program which then transfers the URL to the browser. Alternatively, the browser passes the input to a program that performs the translation and transmits the generated URL to the Internet. Alternatively, a proxy server translates the input either to a numeric string or to a corresponding standard URL. Alternatively, a name server masquerades as a DNS server and converts non-standard names into standard names and/or IP addresses. Standard names are preferably passed to a standard DNS server.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a database which associates URLs and/or domain names with native language information and/or nicknames indicative of the site owners. Thus, a user can enter information which is associated with the site owner, rather than a proper name or a transliteration thereof. In some preferred embodiments of the invention, a translator, when determining a mapping between a native language input and a standard URL, consults the database. Preferably, the translation is performed as a service and/or as a proxy service. Preferably, the database is maintained at a single location, external to the machine that requires the translation. Alternatively, there is more than one site at which the database or a portion thereof, is maintained. Alternatively, the database resides on the same machine as the translator. Thus, in some cases, distributed databases need to be kept up to date.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, periodic updates are sent to all the machines and are automatically assimilated in a local copy of a database. Preferably, the update comprises only changes. Alternatively, the entire database is transferred as a replacement file. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the local database operates as a cache, so that fewer “external” queries are required. Preferably, when attempting to match partial information with site related information, previously and/or recently used URLs are selected over unused URLs with a similar matching. It should be noted in this context, that as a result of the explosive growth of the Internet in the last few years, the event of a new domain name/URL address being added is more common than the event of an address being changed or deleted.
There is therefore provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of WWW page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
entering information associated with the site, which information is not a WWW address or a portion thereof; and
directly displaying said page, using a browser, without any additional user intervention, beyond said entering,
wherein said information is in a non-Latin language.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of WWW page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
entering information associated with the site, which information is not a WWW address or a portion thereof; and
directly displaying said page, using a browser, without any additional user intervention, beyond said entering,
wherein directly displaying comprises analyzing said information using user-dependent information.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of WWW page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
entering information associated with the site, which information is not a WWW address or a portion thereof; and
directly displaying said page, using a browser, without any additional user intervention, beyond said entering,
wherein said information is entered into a URL entry field in said browser.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of WWW page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
entering information associated with the site, which information is not a WWW address or a portion thereof; and
directly displaying said page, using a browser, without any additional user intervention, beyond said entering,
wherein said page is selected responsive to a geographical location at which said information is entered.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said information is in a non-Latin language.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said information does not meet domain name specifications. Alternatively or additionally, said information does not meet URL specifications. Alternatively or additionally, said information comprises a plurality of words. Alternatively or additionally, said information comprises a field identifier and a field-match value. Alternatively or additionally, said information is associated with an owner of the site. Alternatively or additionally, said information comprises a partial street address of said owner. Alternatively or additionally, said information comprises a telephone number of said owner.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method comprises analyzing said partial information to determine a single translation thereof. Preferably, analyzing comprises correcting spelling in said information. Preferably, correcting spelling comprises correcting for at least one transliteration error.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, analyzing comprises applying natural language recognition on said information. Alternatively or additionally, analyzing comprises blocking access to certain types of sites. Alternatively or additionally, said translation comprises a only domain name. Preferably, said translation comprises a URL. Alternatively or additionally, said association is determined using a database of associations.
Preferably, said database is at least logically associated with a particular user. Preferably, said database includes information regarding a particular user, which information is entered by said user, which page is selected for display responsive to said information and wherein said database is stored at a location remote from where the information is entered for display of said page.
Alternatively or additionally, said database comprises at least one association which is particular to said particular user. Preferably, analyzing comprises analyzing responsive to said at least one association. Alternatively or additionally, said at least one association is entered by said particular user. Alternatively or additionally, said at least one association is automatically generated responsive to a selection of a WWW page, from a plurality of suggested pages, by said particular user.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one association in said database is automatically generated responsive to a selection of a particular WWW page, from a plurality of suggested pages, by a plurality of users.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said database is at least logically associated with a translation server, which utilizes said database for translation.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said at least logical association comprises a physical association.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said analyzing is performed locally, where said page is displayed. Alternatively or additionally, said analyzing is performed remotely from where said page is displayed. Alternatively or additionally, said analyzing comprises determining a one-to-one mapping between said information and a translation. Alternatively or additionally, said analyzing utilizes a geographical location at which said information is entered.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said information is entered by a user in a same way in which a standard URL would be entered. Alternatively or additionally, said information is entered into a window overlaying said browser. Preferably, said window is overlaying a location window of said browser.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said information is entered in a language not supported by said browser. Alternatively or additionally, said information is entered in a font not supported by said browser. Alternatively or additionally, directly displaying said page, comprises automatically providing password information for accessing said page. Preferably, a plurality of such passwords are stored in a password database associated with said user.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a server comprising:
a database associating business information with WWW sites;
a translator which converts an input comprising business information into a WWW site address, using said database; and
a user information database,
wherein said translator utilizes said user information database for the conversion.
Preferably, said user database comprises a user's previous desired conversions. Alternatively or additionally, said user database comprises a user's geographical location.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a system including a server as described above and a client which provides said input to said server and displays a WWW page indicated by said address.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a server comprising:
a database associating information with WWW sites;
a user information database; and
a translator which converts input information provided to it, into a WWW site address, using said database and said user database.
Preferably, said input information comprises business information. Alternatively or additionally, said input information comprises domain name information. Alternatively or additionally, said input information comprises URL information.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a software unit for integrating with an existing browser, comprising:
a first module adapted to be integrated with said browser and which adds at least one functionality to a user interface of said browser; and
a second module which communicates with a remote site having stored therein information,
wherein said second module uses said communication to retrieve at least some of said information to perform said added functionality.
Preferably, said functionality comprises sending an e-mail to an owner of a site and wherein said information comprises an association between a site and an e-mail address of the owner thereof. Alternatively or additionally, said functionality comprises a poll answering interface and wherein said information comprises at least one poll question to display. Alternatively or additionally, said functionality comprises translating partial information into WWW addresses and wherein said information comprises an association between partial information and WWW addresses.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the unit comprises a third module which updates said information responsive to input entered at said browser. Alternatively or additionally, said remote site performs an operation requested by said functionality, responsive to said user information database. Preferably, said remote site performs a matching between partial entered information and a business information database, responsive to information associated with a user of said browser. Alternatively or additionally, said remote site sends credit card information to a second remote site, responsive to said functionality and to said information associated with a user of said browser.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said functionality does not affect a visual format of a GUI (Graphical User Interface) of said browser, when said functionality is not in use. Alternatively, said functionality does not affect a visual format of a GUI (Graphical User Interface) of said browser, when said functionality is in use.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a software unit comprising:
a first module which receives, from a browser, a WWW address which does not meet WWW addressing standards;
a second module which translates said address into a WWW address which meets WWW addressing standards; and
a third module which instructs said browser to display a page associated with said translated WWW address.
Preferably, said second module performs said translation using a remote translation service. Alternatively or additionally, said first module impersonates a TCP/IP stack. Alternatively or additionally, said first module impersonates a HTTP service handler. Alternatively or additionally, said first module impersonates a DNS server. Alternatively or additionally, said first module steals a user input from said browser. Alternatively or additionally, said third module utilizes an OLE/DDE service. Alternatively or additionally, said translated address comprises a complete URL. Alternatively or additionally, said unit comprises an upload module which provides site accessing information to uploaded to a remote computer. Alternatively or additionally, said unit comprises a page generation module which generates a WWW page in response to said non-standard WWW address. Preferably, said generated WWW page comprises a list of possible WWW pages.
Alternatively or additionally, said generated page comprises a directory of a plurality of pages in a particular site. Alternatively or additionally, said generated page comprises at least one advertisement. Alternatively or additionally, said generated page displays a request for more information. Alternatively or additionally, said generated page is generated locally, i response to a request for a remote WWW address.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said unit comprises a messaging module which displays a message responsive to non-availability of a required WWW page. Alternatively or additionally, said unit comprises an e-mail module which corrects e-mail addresses, responsive to information associated with e-mail addressees.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said unit is a separately compiled software.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a computer readable medium having encoded thereon a representation of a software unit as described above.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of WWW page retrieval from a web site, comprising:
entering information associated with the site;
spell correcting said information; and
displaying a page responsive to said information, using a browser.
Preferably, spell correcting comprises correcting transliteration errors. Preferably, said information comprises a URL.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of accessing an Internet resource, comprising:
entering information, which information does not comprise even a partial address for said resource; and
accessing said resource responsive to said information, without any additional user intervention, beyond said entering,
wherein said resource comprises a news group.
There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a method of e-mail addressing, comprising:
entering an incorrect e-mail address, which does not form an alias, a portion or a nickname of a valid e-mail address;
automatically correcting said address, using information at a first, remote, location; and
sending an e-mail message to a second remote location, via an Internet, using said corrected address.
Preferably, said incorrect e-mail address comprises information associated with a desired e-mail addressee. Preferably, said information comprises at least a portion of a geographical address. Alternatively or additionally, said information comprises at least a portion of a telephone number.
The present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and from the attached drawings, in which:
One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of enabling a user to enter a substantially free-form designation of a WWW site, preferably in the user's native language, and directly obtain the information from the site, without the necessity of using a search engine and/or an exact site address.
In
In
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator uses a local translation database. Preferably, this database is updated by an external server, either automatically, or by a user request. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a user may enter a personal preference for an association between a URL/domain name and partial and/or native language information. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the local database comprises host alias files. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more of these files are replaced by updated files. Alternatively, the translator preferably includes an automatic application that downloads updates from a central server and updates the local files.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, addresses to be resolved are passed first or only to the translator. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator acts as a DNS. Preferably, the translator is registered as a primary DNS. Preferably, the translator translates only non-standard domain names, and passes standard domain names to the DNS. Alternatively or additionally, the translator acts as a filter, which converts non-standard domain names and/or free-form information into standard domain names, which are then passed to the DNS to be converted into IP addresses. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator is in the gateway to a DNS server local network.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, where the non-standard URL must pass through standard components, the non-standard URL is preferably encoded so that it is not modified by such components, for example, by encoding the non-ASCII characters and/or by replacing empty spaces with fill characters. One example of a standard component is a browser, which may attempt to parse the input, instead of simply sending it to the DNS. Encoding may be required in order to avoid error detection and address completion mechanisms which may be implemented in a particular browser. Such encoding is preferably performed using a front end, such as described above and/or a patch to the browser.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator is used to convert the entire URL, not just the domain name, into a proper address. In some cases, a native language expression will map to a particular page at a remote site, the address of which the translator will be required to return to the browser. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the DNS protocol is modified to allow the transmission of the entire address. Alternatively, a separate connection is opened between a translator portion resident at the browser and a translator portion resident at the DNS, through which connection such information is passed. Alternatively, two translators are used, one for the domain name portion and one for the rest of the URL. Preferably, both translators are provided with the same native language and/or free-form expression and one returns the IP address and one returns the rest of the URL. Preferably, these two translators are synchronized so that they provide a single complete URL. In a preferred embodiment of the invention where a proxy server is used, the proxy server can be used to split the URL and track its parts. Preferably, the proxy server provides a dummy IP address to the browser, when it is presented with a free form and/or native language expression and/or domain name by the browser. When that dummy address is detected by the proxy server, it may be replaced with the correct IP address and the correct other portions of the URL.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when a proper URL is passed to the translator, the translator returns it unchanged and/or passes it to a DNS to be translated. Alternatively, the address may be used as a key-word which is used by a user to indicate a site within a domain, for example, “www.microsoft.com software download”.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator may perform one or more of the following functions:
(a) Correct spelling errors, especially those caused by transliteration errors. As a result, many near misses in site address entry will connect to the correct site.
(b) Accept words in any order. Preferably, these words are used to search a database in which each word and/or pattern is associated with a particular remote site.
(c) Find a site based on an (street/P.O. Box/e-mail) address of the site owner, and/or his telephone or fax numbers and/or a product, service name and/or trademark owned by the site owner and/or any particular information associated directly or indirectly with the site owner/operator. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the (user's) focus is on the site itself and not on its owner. Thus, the information will be associated with the type/content/usage and/or information found in the site. In one example, the user may enter “freeware and software download center in Oakland” and the translator will locate a particular site and display it.
(d) Use field matching, for example “name=ibm”.
(e) Request additional information.
(f) Generate a page with a list of possible WWW pages. Preferably, such a page will include only sites which are registered with a particular translation service. Preferably, the site owners will also register a graphical representation by which they wish to be displayed on the generated page. Such a page may also include advertisements. It should be appreciated that such a page may be generated locally, as a result of a local search, without actually sending any information out to the Internet. Thus, the page generation and display may be very rapid. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the user will try out several of the sites and then indicate to the translator which site was the “correct” one. Thereafter, upon entering the same partial information, the site will be directly connected to. Alternatively or additionally, this selection will be used to generate a user profile and/or to aid in matching partial information with other sites. Preferably, the translator uploads these selections to the data server.
(g) Learn a user's particular associations. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a local database is maintained in which each partial entry by a user is associated with the actual site that the user connected to. Thereafter, when the user enters the partial information, the site can be connected to without any additional input by the user. Alternatively, every such choice is registered with a remote translator, which, when it receives partial information, performs indexing responsive to the identity of the remote user. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each user on a particular machine can set up a profile of partial information matching. Preferably, a user can actively register certain associations.
(h) Perform a matching operation based on the geographical location of the user. For example, entering “Pizza store” will generate a different web site connection, based on where the connection is from. For example, a user in Brighton, Mass. will be directed to a different pizza store from a user in downtown Boston, even if both stores belong to the same franchise. Preferably, a user enters his computer's location, during configuration and/or at the beginning of the session, so that the client computer transmits its location to the translator. Preferably, a resident portion of the translator performs this transmission. Alternatively to a geographical location, a logical location may be used. Alternatively or additionally, sites are located based on them being associated with a user profile. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a user profile is defined based on the user belonging to a certain customer club. Alternatively or additionally, the profile may be generated responsive to his age and/or previous browsing habits.
(i) Perform an automatic web search and return the address of a single hit.
(j) Provide an alternative page in cases where a page cannot be found. Preferably, when such an alternative page is provided, the user is informed, either by the browser or by a special pop-up message window generated by a resident portion of the translator.
(k) Parse a natural language query, for example “get me a pizza store”. Alternatively or additionally, a command language can be used, for example, SQL.
(l) Translate only a domain name and provide in response a list of the sites that are registered under that domain name. For example, entering “Microsoft Inc.” could generate a list of sites in the domain “microsoft.com”, which are registered with the translation service.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each native language name and/or index word is associated with a plurality of sites. For example, many sites will be associated with “pizza”. However, a particular site is designated the default site, for use if there isn't enough information available to otherwise uniquely select a single site.
In accordance with one preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator or a portion thereof is embodied as an external box, which may be connected on a telephone line between a computer with a modem and a remote computer. Alternatively, it is integrated into the operating system of the user's computer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator is embodied as a distributed system. In one example, the matching an/or parsing is performed at one location, possibly the user machine, while the address translation is performed at a remote machine.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a resident portion of the translator is activated whenever the browser is started. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the resident translator can communicate with external sites for many purposes including, automatic version update of the translator and/or indexes and/or tables; uploading client related information, such as use statistics and site access statistics; download advertising material to be displayed at various times; and resolve problems using an external service.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the local translator portion provides language support for native language address entry, even if the browser and/or operating system do not.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the invention, data server 72 can be used as an intermediate between client 70 and remote site 74, for the transfer of money. In a typical situation, if client 70 desires to make a purchase at remote site 74, he will be required to transmit credit card details over an insecure link (the Internet). Preferably, client 70 performs the purchase through data server 72, to which the credit card details have been previously downloaded and/or transmitted using a secure channel. The client transmits a product number and a remote site address to the data server and the data server performs the money transfer, preferably using a secure connection, but possibly using other means, for example, through a bank and/or a fax machine. Preferably, data server 72 verifies the identity of client 70, using a portion of the translator resident at client 70. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the purchase is performed mostly automatically, by a user indicating to the resident portion of the translator, which product he wishes to purchase, preferably using a pointing device.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator adds icons and/or menus to the browser and/or overlays them on the browser window. Thus, functionality may be added to the browser. Additionally or alternatively to adding a button for purchasing, other buttons may be added, including, for example for sending e-mail to a site owner. Such additional functionalities preferably utilize information stored in the database, for example, the e-mail address of the site owner.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, especially where the translator acts as a proxy server, the translator may be used to exercise parental control over the use of the client computer, for example to limit access to pornographic sites and/or money-spending sites. Preferably, the translator does not allow certain addresses to be translated. Preferably, each client has associated therewith a list of allowed web sites, a list of proscribed web sites and/or a site rating, below which, access is allowed and above which, access is not allowed. The translator preferably includes or connects to a service that provides ratings for sites and/or domain names.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator performs password entry for sites that require a password. Instead of a user being required to recall a separate password and/or user name for each service to which he subscribes, when the user enters input associated with that site, the translator automatically enters the user name and/or password. Different nicknames may be associated with different users for the same page. Preferably, the page with the password entry is also displayed to the user, but without requiring any input. Preferably, the passwords are maintained on the client machine, due to their sensitivity. Alternatively or additionally, a user is required to enter a single password in order to activate this feature.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the translator is embodied as a remote translation service, with a local resident portion. Preferably, the remote portion is maintained as a network of hierarchical translation servers. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the remote portion preferably includes a computer, a user information database, a site-owner information database, a search engine which searches the site-owner information data base, a HTTP server, a HTML generator and a client response portion, which controls the other components of the server, responsive to input received from the client.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the client portion of the translator is embodied as a program that masquerades as a HTTP handler for the browser. Preferably, the translator registers itself as the HTTP handler. When the browser requests a page, the resident translator handles the translation, through the Internet and/or using a local database of association, and then commands the browser, preferably through a DDE/OLE connection to obtain the particular page. Preferably, the local database includes user specific associations and/or is a cache of recently and/or commonly used addresses. Preferably, when a user requests a specific page, his local database is updated, preferably by a remote translator portion, to reflect an association between that particular choice and the information entered. In some browsers, entry of a free-form URL will automatically cause a search-site to be connected to. Preferably, the resident portion of the translator captures such requests and performs a translation instead.
In some embodiments of the invention, words in the free-form input will be separated by a separator other than a blank, so that the browser does not cause problems with the existence of blanks in what is supposed to be a URL.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, sites are manually registered with the translation service. A site-owner fills out a form, preferably on the Internet, and requests that the translator recognize a particular site. Preferably, the site owner suggests key words to be used in indexing. Alternatively, the owner of the translator enters this information. Alternatively, the translator automatically identifies domains and generates index terms for the domains. Preferably, the site-owner database is update able by the site owners, to add indexing terms. Alternatively, if a large number of users indicate that they identify a particular site with particular index terms and/or keywords, this information is preferably entered into the site-owner database. A preferred way of making such an indication is by accumulating the choices made by users that entered partial information and received a list of possible sites. The site which is most often chosen for a particular group of key words is preferably made the default choice (preferably, providing that the user does not have a personal selection).
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, users may also register by filing out an automated form.
It should be appreciated that the present invention has been described mostly with relation to Web browsers. However, in other preferred embodiments of the invention, the methods and apparatus described herein may be applied to other types of Internet applications, which require domain name resolution, such as News services and FTP services. In addition, these methods may be applied to translating domain name portions of e-mail addresses. However, in e-mail name translation, the aspect of directly accessing data of some embodiments of the invention, may not apply. Additionally, although some software elements are described herein as including a plurality of modules, it should be appreciated that these modules may be merged and/or sub-divided into modules, in some embodiments of the present invention.
It should be appreciated that the above described methods of address manipulation, as described hereinabove contain many features, not all of which need be practiced in all embodiments of the invention. Rather, various embodiments of the invention will utilize only some of the above described techniques, features or methods and or combinations thereof. In addition, although the above description is focused on methods, apparatus for performing these methods is also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by what has thus far been described. Rather, the present invention is limited only by the claims which follow. When used in the following claims, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including” or the like means “including but not limited to”.
Refuah, Aviv, Dayagi, Gil, Roth, Roby
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
10135857, | Apr 21 2009 | THREATER, INC | Structuring data and pre-compiled exception list engines and internet protocol threat prevention |
10361802, | Feb 01 1999 | Blanding Hovenweep, LLC; HOFFBERG FAMILY TRUST 1 | Adaptive pattern recognition based control system and method |
10541974, | Feb 23 1998 | TRANSPERFECT TECHNOLOGIES LLC | Intercepting web server requests and localizing content |
10764320, | Apr 21 2009 | THREATER, INC | Structuring data and pre-compiled exception list engines and internet protocol threat prevention |
11132610, | May 14 2010 | Amazon Technologies, Inc | Extracting structured knowledge from unstructured text |
11182381, | Feb 10 2009 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Local business and product search system and method |
7725424, | Mar 31 1999 | Apple Inc | Use of generalized term frequency scores in information retrieval systems |
7818435, | Dec 14 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Reverse proxy mechanism for retrieving electronic content associated with a local network |
7895334, | Jul 19 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Remote access communication architecture apparatus and method |
7987194, | Nov 02 2007 | GOOGLE LLC | Targeting advertisements based on cached contents |
8015173, | May 08 2000 | GOOGLE LLC | Techniques for web site integration |
8073954, | Jul 19 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Method and apparatus for a secure remote access system |
8095533, | Mar 31 1999 | Apple Inc | Automatic index term augmentation in document retrieval |
8156074, | Jan 26 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Data transfer and synchronization system |
8181111, | Dec 31 2007 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | System and method for providing social context to digital activity |
8244795, | Jul 30 1999 | VERIZON CORPORATE SERVICES GROUP INC | Page aggregation for web sites |
8255006, | Nov 10 2009 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Event dependent notification system and method |
8275661, | Mar 31 1999 | VERIZON CORPORATE SERVICES GROUP INC | Targeted banner advertisements |
8315976, | Jan 26 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Data transfer and synchronization system |
8369967, | Feb 01 1999 | Blanding Hovenweep, LLC; HOFFBERG FAMILY TRUST 1 | Alarm system controller and a method for controlling an alarm system |
8442943, | Jan 26 2000 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Data transfer and synchronization between mobile systems using change log |
8515730, | May 09 2008 | Malikie Innovations Limited | Method of e-mail address search and e-mail address transliteration and associated device |
8572069, | Mar 31 1999 | Apple Inc | Semi-automatic index term augmentation in document retrieval |
8601359, | Sep 21 2012 | GOOGLE LLC | Preventing autocorrect from modifying URLs |
8611873, | May 12 2004 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Advanced contact identification system |
8615566, | Mar 23 2001 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Apparatus and method for operational support of remote network systems |
8620286, | Feb 27 2004 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Method and system for promoting and transferring licensed content and applications |
8621025, | Jan 25 2000 | Synchronoss Technologis, Inc. | Mobile data transfer and synchronization system |
8645471, | Jul 21 2003 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | Device message management system |
8655642, | May 09 2008 | Malikie Innovations Limited | Method of e-mail address search and e-mail address transliteration and associated device |
8655643, | Oct 09 2007 | LANGUAGE ANALYTICS, LLC | Method and system for adaptive transliteration |
8661094, | Jan 28 1999 | SPRING VENTURES LTD | WWW addressing |
8756212, | May 08 2000 | GOOGLE LLC | Techniques for web site integration |
8862565, | May 08 2000 | GOOGLE LLC | Techniques for web site integration |
8943428, | Nov 01 2010 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc | System for and method of field mapping |
9015279, | Jun 15 2007 | Bryte Computer Technologies | Methods, systems, and computer program products for tokenized domain name resolution |
9026545, | Nov 02 2007 | GOOGLE LLC | Targeting advertisements based on cached contents |
9225593, | Apr 21 2009 | THREATER, INC | Methods of structuring data, pre-compiled exception list engines and network appliances |
9275130, | Mar 31 1999 | Apple Inc. | Semi-automatic index term augmentation in document retrieval |
9519681, | Oct 04 2007 | Amazon Technologies, Inc | Enhanced knowledge repository |
9542076, | May 12 2004 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc. | System for and method of updating a personal profile |
9615221, | Jul 21 2003 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc. | Device message management system |
9723460, | Jul 21 2003 | Synchronoss Technologies, Inc. | Device message management system |
9805089, | Feb 10 2009 | Amazon Technologies, Inc | Local business and product search system and method |
9894093, | Apr 21 2009 | THREATER, INC | Structuring data and pre-compiled exception list engines and internet protocol threat prevention |
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
2769024, | |||
4870579, | Oct 01 1987 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | System and method of predicting subjective reactions |
4996642, | Oct 01 1987 | Adobe Systems Incorporated | System and method for recommending items |
5105268, | Nov 08 1988 | Fujitsu Limited; Yohsuke, Ohba | Community antenna broadcast system having an improved channel selecting system permitting purchase of a selected channel from a plurality of non-purchased channels |
5446891, | Feb 26 1992 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for adjusting hypertext links with weighed user goals and activities |
5577109, | Jun 06 1994 | TGIP, INC | Pre-paid card system and method |
5644724, | Sep 28 1994 | Fairshare, LLC | Point-of-sale tax collection system and method of using same |
5671342, | Nov 30 1994 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for displaying information relating to a story and a story indicator in a computer system |
5721827, | Oct 02 1996 | PERSONAL AUDIO LLC | System for electrically distributing personalized information |
5721902, | Sep 15 1995 | BHW INFO EDCO COM, LLC | Restricted expansion of query terms using part of speech tagging |
5722067, | Dec 23 1994 | CF CAPITAL LIMITED | Security cellular telecommunications system |
5727950, | May 22 1996 | CONVERGYS CUSTOMER MANAGEMENT GROUP INC | Agent based instruction system and method |
5732219, | Mar 17 1995 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Computer system and computer-implemented process for remote editing of computer files |
5737734, | Sep 15 1995 | BHW INFO EDCO COM, LLC | Query word relevance adjustment in a search of an information retrieval system |
5742768, | Jul 16 1996 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | System and method for providing and displaying a web page having an embedded menu |
5745556, | Sep 22 1995 | RAKUTEN, INC | Interactive and information data services telephone billing system |
5749075, | Jun 06 1995 | TOADER, ADRIAN | Method for providing prepaid internet access and/or long distance calling including the distribution of specialized calling cards |
5761280, | Sep 04 1996 | 8x8, Inc | Telephone web browser arrangement and method |
5761499, | Dec 21 1995 | EMC Corporaton | Method for managing globally distributed software components |
5764906, | Nov 07 1995 | Francap Corporation | Universal electronic resource denotation, request and delivery system |
5768521, | May 16 1994 | Intel Corporation | General purpose metering mechanism for distribution of electronic information |
5768578, | Feb 28 1994 | Alcatel Lucent | User interface for information retrieval system |
5769906, | Oct 06 1995 | Houghton Durferrit GmbH | Process for recovering the salt constituents from hardening-shop salt baths |
5774664, | Mar 14 1996 | OPENTV, INC | Enhanced video programming system and method for incorporating and displaying retrieved integrated internet information segments |
5794210, | Dec 11 1995 | MYPOINTS COM, INC | Attention brokerage |
5796832, | Nov 13 1995 | CITICORP CREDIT SERVICES, INC USA | Wireless transaction and information system |
5799063, | Aug 15 1996 | BENHOV GMBH, LLC | Communication system and method of providing access to pre-recorded audio messages via the Internet |
5806043, | Jun 06 1995 | TOADER, ADRIAN | Method for providing customer on-line support via prepaid internet access |
5812776, | Jun 07 1995 | Soverain IP, LLC | Method of providing internet pages by mapping telephone number provided by client to URL and returning the same in a redirect command by server |
5815665, | Apr 03 1996 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | System and method for providing trusted brokering services over a distributed network |
5819092, | Nov 08 1994 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Online service development tool with fee setting capabilities |
5848396, | Apr 26 1996 | Conversant, LLC | Method and apparatus for determining behavioral profile of a computer user |
5852812, | Aug 23 1995 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Billing system for a network |
5862325, | Feb 29 1996 | Intermind Corporation | Computer-based communication system and method using metadata defining a control structure |
5878219, | Mar 12 1996 | Meta Platforms, Inc | System for integrating access to proprietary and internet resources |
5884262, | Mar 28 1996 | Verizon Patent and Licensing Inc | Computer network audio access and conversion system |
5892919, | Jun 23 1997 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Spell checking universal resource locator (URL) by comparing the URL against a cache containing entries relating incorrect URLs submitted by users to corresponding correct URLs |
5898830, | Oct 17 1996 | GraphOn Corporation | Firewall providing enhanced network security and user transparency |
5898835, | Aug 16 1996 | GOOGLE LLC | System and method for remotely executing a command |
5902252, | Jan 23 1998 | INNOVIA MEDICAL, LLC | Device and process for measuring acoustic reflectance |
5902353, | Sep 23 1996 | HANGER SOLUTIONS, LLC | Method, system, and article of manufacture for navigating to a resource in an electronic network |
5903729, | Sep 23 1996 | HANGER SOLUTIONS, LLC | Method, system, and article of manufacture for navigating to a resource in an electronic network |
5907680, | Jun 24 1996 | Oracle America, Inc | Client-side, server-side and collaborative spell check of URL's |
5911145, | Jul 29 1996 | Adobe Inc | Hierarchical structure editor for web sites |
5915093, | Apr 24 1997 | HANGER SOLUTIONS, LLC | Computer network debit disk used for prepayment to transfer information from a central computer |
5920848, | Feb 12 1997 | CITIBANK, N A | Method and system for using intelligent agents for financial transactions, services, accounting, and advice |
5958008, | Oct 15 1996 | MICRO FOCUS LLC | Software system and associated methods for scanning and mapping dynamically-generated web documents |
5968125, | Jan 21 1997 | Net. Roi | Process for optimizing the effectiveness of a hypertext element |
5970477, | Jul 15 1996 | BellSouth Intellectual Property Corp | Method and system for allocating costs in a distributed computing network |
5974453, | Oct 08 1997 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for translating a static identifier including a telephone number into a dynamically assigned network address |
5987440, | Jul 22 1996 | CYVA RESEARCH HOLDINGS, LLC | Personal information security and exchange tool |
5987506, | Nov 22 1996 | GOOGLE LLC | Remote access and geographically distributed computers in a globally addressable storage environment |
5991735, | Apr 26 1996 | Conversant, LLC | Computer program apparatus for determining behavioral profile of a computer user |
6009459, | Jan 10 1997 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Intelligent automatic searching for resources in a distributed environment |
6021496, | Jul 07 1997 | International Business Machines Corporation | User authentication from non-native server domains in a computer network |
6023698, | Dec 05 1996 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for transparently registering and updating information over the internet |
6029195, | Nov 29 1994 | Pinpoint Incorporated | System for customized electronic identification of desirable objects |
6035334, | Sep 10 1997 | AMPHIRE COMMERCE, INC | System for communicating state information relating to user previous interactions with other internet web sites during an internet session |
6061738, | Jun 27 1997 | D&I Systems, Inc. | Method and system for accessing information on a network using message aliasing functions having shadow callback functions |
6070157, | Sep 23 1997 | Intel Corporation | Method for providing more informative results in response to a search of electronic documents |
6097441, | Dec 31 1997 | RAKUTEN, INC | System for dual-display interaction with integrated television and internet content |
6098065, | Feb 13 1997 | RPX CLEARINGHOUSE LLC | Associative search engine |
6101482, | Sep 15 1997 | eBay Inc | Universal web shopping cart and method of on-line transaction processing |
6151624, | Feb 03 1998 | R2 SOLUTIONS LLC | Navigating network resources based on metadata |
6199054, | Mar 06 1997 | HANGER SOLUTIONS, LLC | Automated software metering of digital payloads |
6243816, | Apr 30 1998 | CLOUD SOFTWARE GROUP SWITZERLAND GMBH | Single sign-on (SSO) mechanism personal key manager |
6275824, | Oct 02 1998 | TERADATA US, INC | System and method for managing data privacy in a database management system |
6292551, | Feb 04 1998 | AVAYA Inc | Call reestablishment system |
6310873, | Jan 09 1997 | OATH INC | Internet telephony directory server |
6332158, | Dec 03 1998 | Acacia Research Group LLC | Domain name system lookup allowing intelligent correction of searches and presentation of auxiliary information |
6356936, | Sep 01 1998 | International Business Machines Corporation | Relevance clause for computed relevance messaging |
6397219, | Feb 11 1998 | HANGER SOLUTIONS, LLC | Network based classified information systems |
6446261, | Dec 20 1996 | DISNEY ENTERPRISES, INC | Set top device for targeted electronic insertion of indicia into video |
6453335, | Jul 21 1998 | BLACKBIRD TECH LLC | Providing an internet third party data channel |
6480850, | Oct 02 1998 | TERADATA US, INC | System and method for managing data privacy in a database management system including a dependently connected privacy data mart |
6507872, | Sep 25 1992 | Class of methods for improving perceived efficiency of end-user interactive access of a large database such as the world-wide web via a communication network such as "The Internet" | |
6546002, | Jul 07 1999 | CALLSTAT SOLUTIONS LLC | System and method for implementing an intelligent and mobile menu-interface agent |
6546399, | Oct 26 1989 | ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, INC | Multimedia search system |
6556217, | Jun 01 2000 | Nokia Technologies Oy | System and method for content adaptation and pagination based on terminal capabilities |
6571279, | Dec 05 1997 | Fred Herz Patents, LLC | Location enhanced information delivery system |
6574629, | Dec 23 1998 | AGFA HEALTHCARE CORPORATION | Picture archiving and communication system |
6640284, | May 12 2000 | RPX CLEARINGHOUSE LLC | System and method of dynamic online session caching |
6668177, | Apr 26 2001 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for displaying prioritized icons in a mobile terminal |
6735701, | Jun 25 1998 | LONGHORN HD LLC | Network policy management and effectiveness system |
6853993, | Jul 15 1998 | A9 COM, INC | System and methods for predicting correct spellings of terms in multiple-term search queries |
7240022, | May 19 1998 | MYPOINTS COM, LLC | Demographic information gathering and incentive award system and method |
7334013, | Dec 20 2002 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC | Shared services management |
20010011222, | |||
20020184534, | |||
20050203835, | |||
EP387226, | |||
EP643541, | |||
EP749081, | |||
EP1051683, | |||
GB2312975, | |||
JPEI1021259, | |||
JPEI9305518, | |||
JPEI9319767, | |||
WO9642041, | |||
WO9719564, | |||
WO9826381, | |||
WO5684, | |||
WO106393, | |||
WO9623265, | |||
WO9642041, | |||
WO9707656, | |||
WO9719564, | |||
WO9726612, | |||
WO9731490, | |||
WO9741673, | |||
WO9804088, | |||
WO9853581, | |||
WO9939275, | |||
WO9939281, |
Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
Jan 28 1999 | Net-Express, Ltd. | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / | |||
Jul 19 2000 | REFUAH, AVIV | NET-EXPRESS LTD | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 011156 | /0086 | |
Aug 31 2000 | DAYAGI, GIL | NET-EXPRESS LTD | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 011156 | /0086 | |
Aug 31 2000 | ROTH, ROBY | NET-EXPRESS LTD | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 011156 | /0086 | |
Mar 27 2006 | NET-EXPRESS LTD | NETEX NET EXPRESS LTD | CHANGE OF NAME SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 034248 | /0097 | |
Aug 25 2014 | NETEX NET EXPRESS LTD | BUY2 NETWORKS LTD | CHANGE OF NAME SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 033835 | /0399 | |
Nov 23 2016 | BUY2 NETWORKS LTD | SPRING VENTURES LTD | CHANGE OF NAME SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 040934 | /0326 |
Date | Maintenance Fee Events |
Mar 06 2013 | M2551: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 4th Yr, Small Entity. |
Jan 10 2017 | M2552: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 8th Yr, Small Entity. |
May 17 2021 | REM: Maintenance Fee Reminder Mailed. |
Nov 01 2021 | EXP: Patent Expired for Failure to Pay Maintenance Fees. |
Date | Maintenance Schedule |
Sep 29 2012 | 4 years fee payment window open |
Mar 29 2013 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Sep 29 2013 | patent expiry (for year 4) |
Sep 29 2015 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 4) |
Sep 29 2016 | 8 years fee payment window open |
Mar 29 2017 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Sep 29 2017 | patent expiry (for year 8) |
Sep 29 2019 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 8) |
Sep 29 2020 | 12 years fee payment window open |
Mar 29 2021 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Sep 29 2021 | patent expiry (for year 12) |
Sep 29 2023 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 12) |