An adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon can include a base and a mounting piece pivotally attached to the base. The mounting piece can include a first bore that is substantially the same size as a first bore of the base and a second bore that is substantially the same size as a second bore of the base. The respective first bores of the base and mounting piece can be positioned such that when they completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a first minute of angle setting. Likewise, the respective second bores of the base and mounting piece can be positioned such that when they completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a second minute of angle setting. Related methods of using and manufacturing the adjustable scope mount are also described.
|
1. An adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon, the mount comprising:
a substantially l-shaped base configured to be attached to the projectile weapon, the base having a first surface and a second surface, the base including a first bore and a second bore, wherein the first and second bores of the base create openings that extend through the base from the first surface of the base to the second surface of the base; and
a substantially l-shaped support configured to support a scope on the projectile weapon, the support corresponding to the base and pivotally attached to the base, the support including a first blind bore that is substantially the same size as the first bore of the base and a second blind bore that is substantially the same size as the second bore of the base, wherein the first and second blind bores of the support each create only one opening at a first surface of the support,
wherein the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the first bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of the first blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a first minute of angle setting, and
wherein the second bore of the base and the second blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the second bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of the second blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a second minute of angle setting.
15. A method of manufacturing an adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon, the method comprising:
forming a first bore in a substantially l-shaped base configured to be attached to the projectile weapon, the base having a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first bore creates an opening extending through the base from the first surface of the base to the second surface of the base;
forming a second bore in the base, wherein the second bore creates an opening extending through the base from the first surface of the base to the second surface of the base;
forming a first blind bore in a substantially l-shaped support configured to support a scope on the projectile weapon, the support corresponding to the base, wherein the first blind bore is substantially the same size as the first bore of the base and creates only one opening at a first surface of the support;
forming a second blind bore in the support that is substantially the same size as the second bore of the base and creates only one opening at the first surface of the support; and
attaching the support to the base such that the support can pivoted with respect to the base to allow the scope mount to be adjusted to different minute of angle settings,
wherein the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the first bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of first blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a first minute of angle setting, and
wherein the second bore of the base and second blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the second bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of the second blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a second minute of angle setting.
12. A method of using an adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon, the adjustable scope mount including a substantially l-shaped base configured to be attached to the projectile weapon, the base having a first surface and a second surface, the base including a first bore and a second bore, wherein the first and second bores of the base create openings that extend through the base from the first surface of the base to the second surface of the base, and a substantially l-shaped support configured to support a scope on the projectile weapon, the support corresponding to the base and pivotally attached to the base, the support including a first blind bore that is substantially the same size as the first bore of the base and a second blind bore that is substantially the same size as the second bore of the base, wherein the first and second blind bores of the support each create only one opening at a first surface of the support, wherein the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the first bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of the first blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a first minute of angle setting, and wherein the second bore of the base and the second blind bore of the support are positioned such that when the opening at the second surface of the second bore of the base and the opening at the first surface of the second blind bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a second minute of angle setting, and a bore pin sized to removably and securely fit within the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support to secure the support at the first minute of angle setting or within the second blind bore of the base and the second bore of the support to secure the support at the second minute of angle setting, the method comprising:
aligning the first bore of the base with the first blind bore of the support to completely overlap; and
inserting the bore pin into the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support to secure the support at the first minute of angle setting.
2. The scope mount of
a bore pin sized to removably and securely fit within the first bore of the base and the first blind bore of the support to secure the support at a first minute of angle setting or within the second bore of the base and the second blind bore of the support to secure the support at a second minute of angle setting.
3. The scope mount of
4. The scope mount of
a pivot pin sized to securely fit within the pivot bore of the base and the pivot bore of the support to allow the support to securely pivot with respect to the base around the pivot pin.
5. The scope mount of
wherein the base includes a third bore,
wherein the support includes a third bore that is substantially the same size as the third bore of the base, and
wherein the third bore of the base and the third bore of the support are positioned such that when the third bore of the base and the third bore of the support are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at a third minute of angle setting.
6. The scope mount of
wherein the base includes three additional bores,
wherein the support includes three additional bores corresponding to the the three additional bores of the base, each of the three additional bores of the support being substantially the same size as a corresponding bore of the base, and
wherein each of the bores of the base and the corresponding bores of the support are positioned such that when corresponding bores are aligned to completely overlap, the support is positioned at different minute of angle settings.
7. The scope mount of
9. The scope mount of
10. The scope mount of
16. The method of
17. The method of
18. The method of
forming a pivot bore in the base;
forming a pivot bore in the support; and
inserting a pivot pin within the pivot bore of the base and the pivot bore of the support to allow the support to securely pivot with respect to the base around the pivot pin.
|
1. Field
The present invention relates to an improved adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon and methods of using and making thereof.
2. Background
Telescopic sights are often used with firearms to allow for improved aiming. Many types of sights, such as rifle scopes, include separate adjustment controls for adjusting the horizontal and/or the vertical alignment of the scope. These adjustments can be used to account for wind and projectile drop due to gravity. In some situations, such as certain long-range shots, large vertical adjustments may be required. Although such vertical adjustments can be made by the scope itself, in some situations, it may be desirable to attach the scope to an adjustable scope mount in order to position the scope at a desired angle. There is a continuing need for improved adjustable scope mounts, such as the adjustable scope mounts described herein.
In some embodiments, an adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon can include a base including a first bore and a second bore, and a mounting piece pivotally attached to the base. The mounting piece can include a first bore that is substantially the same size as the first bore of the base, and a second bore that is substantially the same size as the second bore of the base. The first bore of the base and the first bore of the mounting piece can be positioned such that when the first bore of the base and the first bore of the mounting piece are aligned to completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a first minute of angle setting. The second bore of the base and the second bore of the mounting piece can be positioned such that when the second bore of the base and the second bore of the mounting piece are aligned to completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a second minute of angle setting.
In some embodiments, a method of using an adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon can include aligning the first bore of the base with the first bore of the mounting piece to completely overlap. The method can further include inserting the bore pin into the first bore of the base and the first bore of the mounting piece to secure the mounting piece at the first minute of angle setting.
In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing an adjustable scope mount for a projectile weapon can include forming a first bore in a base, forming a second bore in the base, forming a first bore in a mounting piece that is substantially the same size as the first bore of the base, forming a second bore in the mounting piece that is substantially the same size as the second bore of the base, and attaching the mounting piece to the base such that the mounting piece can pivot with respect to the base to allow the scope mount to be adjusted to different minute of angle settings. The first bore of the base and the first bore of the mounting piece can be positioned such that when the first bore of the base and the first bore of the mounting piece are aligned to completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a first minute of angle setting. The second bore of the base and the second bore of the mounting piece can be positioned such that when the second bore of the base and the second bore of the mounting piece are aligned to completely overlap, the mounting piece is positioned at a second minute of angle setting.
These and other embodiments and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.
In order to facilitate a fuller understanding of the exemplary embodiments, reference is now made to the appended drawings. These drawings should not be construed as limiting, but are intended to be exemplary only.
The following description is intended to convey a thorough understanding of the embodiments described by providing a number of specific embodiments and details relating to adjustable scope mounts and methods of using and making thereof. It should be appreciated, however, that the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments and details, which are exemplary only. It is further understood that one possessing ordinary skill in the art would appreciate the use of the invention for its intended purposes and benefits in any number of alternative embodiments, depending upon specific design and other needs.
As described above, conventional weapon scopes are often designed to allow adjustment in horizontal (windage) and vertical (elevational) directions. In certain situations, such as when shooting lower velocity ammunition, there is a risk that the scope can run out of elevational adjustment, such as for example, when using a lower velocity projectile at long distances. In these cases, it may be desirable to attach the scope to an adjustable scope mount as the projectile's point of impact may be too low for compensation by the scope alone.
The adjustable scope mounts described herein can, for example, be used to elevate the scope at a desired angle to reduce the risk of the scope running out of adjustment. For example,
Scope 16 can, for example, be any suitable type of weapon sight designed to facilitate aiming. For example, scope 16 can be in the form of an optical telescopic sight, such as the scope shown in
Mount 14 can, for example, be in the form of a substantially rectangular block containing a substantially L-shaped base 18 extending in a longitudinal direction (see, e.g.,
Mount 14 can be designed to be mounted to weapon 12 such that mount 14 extends in a longitudinal direction, such as along a firing barrel of weapon 12. In situations where weapon 12 does not include such a barrel, mount 14 can otherwise be configured to extend in a firing direction of weapon 12. Mount 14 can, for example, be attached to weapon 12 via a bottom surface of mount 14.
Mount 14 can be designed to be mounted to scope 16 such that scope 16 extends in a longitudinal direction, such as along a firing barrel of weapon 12. In situations where weapon 12 does not include such a barrel, mount 14 can otherwise be configured to position scope 16 to extend in a firing direction of weapon 12. Mount 14 can be attached to weapon 12 via a bottom surface of mount 14. In some embodiments, scope 16 can for example be secured to mount 14 via one or more attachments, such as through the use of one or more scope rings 17 attached to mount 14.
As described further herein, mount 14 can be configured such that it can be adjusted and fixed at a desired position to elevate a front end of scope 16 at a desired angle. For example, in the context of a firearm, mount 14 can provide an adjustable angle between the centerline of the scope and the centerline of the firing barrel. This can allow for a coarse aim adjustment of the firearm without adjustment of the scope itself. In practice, a user can use mount 14 to get a coarse point of impact adjustment and then use elevational adjustment controls on the scope itself to fine tune an exact point of impact adjustment. In some embodiments, mount 14 can be configured to allow for horizontal adjustment, such as, for example, by being positioned on a lateral side of weapon 12. In some embodiments, mount 14 can be configured to allow for both vertical and horizontal adjustment.
One or more parts of mount 14 can be made entirely or partially from suitable aluminum, steel, alloys, plastics, or one or more other suitable materials. The choice of materials for the parts described herein can be informed by the requirements of mechanical properties, temperature sensitivity, moldability properties, or any other factor apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art.
One or more of the various bores of base 18 can be substantially the same size as one or more of the various bores of mounting piece 20. Corresponding bores of mounting piece 20 and base 18 can be positioned such that when the bores are aligned to completely overlap, mounting piece 20 is positioned at a respective minute of angle setting. The term minute of angle (“MOA”) is widely used in the shooting industry and refers to the dividing of one degree of angle into sixty minute intervals. Each minute of angle is approximately 0.16666 of a degree. Depending on several factors, at 100 yards, a 1 MOA change can, for example, result in a 1-inch change up or down in the point of impact. Likewise, at 100 yards, a 20 MOA change can, for example, result in a 20-inch point of impact adjustment. Corresponding impact adjustments for given MOA settings are based on many factors and can be determined, for example, through calculations, and/or through field testing with the mount. In view of the above, the desired angle of an adjustable scope mount can be selected such that a desired point of aim for a given distance coincides with the scope being centered. The use of mounts described herein can therefore reduce the risk of the scope running out of elevational adjustment.
In addition, the use of an adjustable scope mount, such as mount 14, with a base and mounting piece being securely fixed together by a bore pin and a pivot pin in a discrete MOA setting, can allow the mount to be stable and secure enough to withstand the extremely large forces expected during the use of firearms and other projectile weapons. Generally speaking, the greater the number of movable parts in an adjustable scope mount (such as existing adjustable scope mounts that include various springs and adjustment screws), can create additional points of failure in the scope mount and lead to undesired vibration and/or movement between the base and mounting piece. As described above, small variations in the position of the mounting piece relative to the base might undesirably affect the precision and/or accuracy of the scope. It is therefore appreciated that a scope mount having discrete adjustment settings, such as through the use of a positive stop tightened bore pin secured within substantially identically sized bores formed in the base and mounting piece, will allow the mount to be fixed in a discrete MOA setting and thereby prevent the mount from losing its position, even if the mount is bumped or banged.
Each of the bores of base 18 can correspond to discrete MOA settings. For example, in some embodiments, the various MOA settings of mount 14 can be 10 MOA apart, such as 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 MOA for a mount including 5 MOA settings. In some embodiments, the various MOA settings of mount 14 can be 20 MOA apart, such as 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 MOA for a mount including 5 MOA settings. For mounts including only 2 MOA settings, a first setting can, for example, be at 0 MOA and a second setting can, for example, be at 10 MOA or 20 MOA.
Bore pin 24 is sized to removably and securely fit within one or more of the bores of base 18 and one or more corresponding bores of mounting piece 20 to secure mount 14 at a desired MOA setting. As illustrated, for example, in
Pivot pin 22 is sized to removably and securely fit within a pivot bore of base 18 (shown, for example, in
Base 18 can include a bottom surface 56, which can be designed to correspond to a curved surface of weapon 12 in order to secure base 18 to weapon 12. For example, in some embodiments bottom surface 56 may have a similar curve to a curve of an outside surface of a barrel of a firearm. Surface 56 may be another suitable shape based on the shape of weapon 12, or based on other factors.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The mounting piece 20 illustrated in
As illustrated in
Method 120 can include a step 124 of aligning first bore 26 of base 18 with first bore 84 of mounting piece 20 to completely overlap. In embodiments in which mount 14 includes pivot bores 66 and 94, method 120 can include a step of inserting a pivot pin 22 into pivot bore 66 of base 18 and pivot bore 94 of mounting piece 20 to additionally secure mounting piece 20. Pivot pin 22 can be removably secured within mount 14 or it can be substantially irremovably secured within mount 14.
Method 120 can include a step 126 of inserting bore pin 24 into first bore 26 of base 18 and first bore 84 of mounting piece 20 to secure mounting piece 20 at the first MOA setting. In embodiments in which bore pin 24 includes threads 64, bore pin 24 can be further secured to one or both of mounting piece 20 and base 18 by tightening threads 64 against corresponding threads of mounting piece 20 and/or base 18. This securing step can, for example, serve to prevent mounting piece 20 and base 18 from moving relative to each other or losing its position after being bumped or banged. As described above, the first MOA setting can be chosen based on the expected shooting distance, or other factors. If an operator desires to change MOA settings, he or she can unscrew bore pin 24, remove pin from first bore 26, place bore pin 24 in another bore of base 18 and tighten threads 64 of bore pin 24 against corresponding threads of mounting piece 20 and/or base 18.
In embodiments in which pivot pin 22 include threads, method 120 can include further securing pivot pin 22 to one or both of mounting piece 20 and base 18 by tightening the threads of pivot pin 22 against corresponding threads of mounting piece 20 and/or base 18.
In some embodiments, method 120 can include a step of mounting base 18 to weapon 12. Base 18 can be mounted to weapon 12 using any suitable technique, such as, for example, a suitable screw, bolt, and/or adhesive. Base 18 can, for example, be removably secured to weapon 12, or it can be substantially irremovably secured to weapon 12. In some embodiments, base 18 can be integral with weapon 12, and can, for example, be an unremovable projection extending from a barrel of a firearm.
In some embodiments, method 120 can include a step of mounting the mounting piece 20 to scope 16. Mounting piece 20 can be mounted to scope 16 using any suitable technique, such as, for example, a suitable screw, bolt, and/or adhesive. Mounting piece 20 can, for example, be removably secured to scope 16, or it can be substantially irremovably secured to scope 16. In some embodiments, mounting piece 20 can be integral with scope 16, and can, for example, be an unremovable projection extending from a housing of scope 16.
The steps described herein with respect to method 120 may be performed in any suitable order. As but one example, a step of mounting base 18 to weapon 12 can be performed before or after a step of inserting bore pin 24 into base 18 and mounting piece 20.
Method 128 can include steps 130 and 132 of forming first bore 26 and second bore 28 in base 18. In these steps, first bore 26 can be formed such that it is positioned near the middle of base 18 and second bore 28 can be formed such that it is positioned towards an end of base 18. It is appreciated that first bore 26 and second bore 28 can be formed using a single operation that forms both bores simultaneously. Alternatively, bores 26 and 28 may be formed one after another in any desired order. It is appreciated that a similar manufacturing operation can be used for mounts containing additional bores.
Method 128 can include step 134 and 136 of forming first bore 84 in mounting piece 20 that is substantially the same size as first bore 26 of base 18 (step 134) and forming second bore 86 in mounting piece 20 that is substantially the same size as second bore 86 of base 18 (step 136). It is appreciated that first bore 84 and second bore 86 may be formed using a single operation that forms both bores simultaneously. Alternatively, the bores may be formed one after another in any desired order. It is appreciated that a similar manufacturing operation can be used for mounts containing additional bores.
First bore 84 of mounting piece 20 and second bore 86 of mounting piece 20 are positioned such that when first bore 26 of base 18 and first bore 84 of mounting piece 20 are aligned to completely overlap, mounting piece 20 is positioned at a first MOA setting. Second bore 86 of base 18 and second bore 86 of mounting piece 20 are positioned such that when second bore 28 of base 18 and second bore 86 of mounting piece 20 are aligned to completely overlap, mounting piece 20 is positioned at a second MOA setting.
Method 128 can include a step of forming pivot bore 66 in base 18 and forming pivot bore 94 in mounting piece 20. It is appreciated that pivot bores 66 and 94 can be formed using a single operation that forms both bores simultaneously. Alternatively, the bores may be formed one after another in any desired order.
Method 128 can include a step 138 of attaching mounting piece 20 to base 18 such that mounting piece 20 can pivot with respect to base 18 to allow mount 14 to be adjusted to different MOA settings. For example, step 138 can include inserting pivot pin 22 within pivot bore 66 of base 18 and pivot bore 94 of mounting piece 20. As described above, in some embodiments, mount 14 may include a pivoting mechanism that is not in the form of a pivot pin 22. For example, in some embodiments, another type of secure pivoting configuration, such as a suitable flexure hinge can be used in place of a pivot pin.
The steps described herein with respect to method 128 may be performed in any suitable order. As but one example, the step of forming bores in base 18 can be performed before or after the step of forming bores in mounting piece 20.
In the preceding specification, various preferred embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto, and additional embodiments may be implemented, without departing from the broader scope of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.
While the embodiments presented herein have been set forth and described in detail for the purposes of making a full and complete disclosure of the subject matter thereof, such disclosure is not intended to be limiting in any way with respect to the true scope of this invention as the same is set forth in the appended claims.
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
10060704, | Dec 15 2016 | Scope mount device | |
9714814, | Feb 15 2013 | Universal riflescope mount for hand-held weapons |
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
1450349, | |||
1926151, | |||
2200283, | |||
2641057, | |||
2663083, | |||
3406455, | |||
3471932, | |||
4317304, | Jan 03 1980 | Range and elevation adjustment for telescopic sight | |
4660289, | Jun 13 1986 | Adjustable bow sight mount | |
5086566, | Nov 09 1990 | Fontaine Industries | Adjustable telescopic sight mount |
5144752, | Aug 12 1991 | Self centering sight mount | |
5274941, | May 08 1992 | BULB BOPPER, INC A CORP OF KANSAS | Selectively adjustable firearm scope mount |
5400539, | May 08 1992 | Bulb Bopper, Inc. | Selectively adjustable firearm scope mount |
5428915, | Sep 27 1993 | Detachable sight mount with elevation adjustment | |
5787630, | Apr 01 1996 | Scope mounting ring system | |
6295754, | Oct 21 1998 | LEUPOLD & STEVENS, INC | Aiming Device with adjustable height mount and auxiliary equipment mounting features |
6418657, | Oct 30 1999 | Sight mount for a firearm | |
6481146, | Jan 14 2000 | Rear sight for a firearm | |
6591538, | Sep 20 2001 | Scope mount for firearms having projectiles traveling at subsonic speed and associated methods | |
6705037, | Apr 10 2002 | Apparatuses and methods for mounting an optical device to an object | |
6708439, | Feb 13 2002 | Adjustable mount for rifle sight | |
6732987, | Nov 09 1998 | TACTICAL & RESCUE GEAR, LTD | Adjustable weapon auxiliary mount |
6772550, | Jan 25 2003 | HI-LUX, INC | Rifle scope adjustment invention |
681202, | |||
6862832, | Jul 17 2002 | BARRETT FIREARMS MFG , INC | Digital elevation knob |
7543405, | Jan 11 2005 | Adjustable scope mounting system | |
7808606, | Jul 25 2007 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Method for manufacturing substrate, liquid crystal display apparatus and method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device |
7827724, | May 08 2006 | No-drill rear sight scope mount base | |
8079171, | Jun 11 2008 | BARRETT FIREARMS MFG , INC | Adjustable rifle telescope system with multiple fixed angle mount setpoints |
8240075, | Jan 13 2011 | COLD SHOT LLC | Adjustable bases for sighting devices |
8296991, | Jul 08 2011 | International Trade and Technologies, Inc.; INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND TECHNOLOGIES, INC | Digital machinegun optic with bullet drop compensation mount |
8528140, | Jul 01 2011 | MCCANN, DEBRA | Adjustable scope mount |
20130008073, | |||
20140123536, | |||
20140157648, |
Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
Aug 08 2013 | WEIGAND, JACK | WEIGAND COMBAT HANDGUNS INC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 030981 | /0166 | |
Aug 09 2013 | WEIGAND COMBAT HANDGUNS INC. | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / | |||
Sep 16 2013 | WEIGAND, JOHN C | WEIGAND COMBAT HANDGUNS INC | CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE INVENTOR S FIRST NAME FROM JACK WEIGAND, AS INCORRECTLY TYPED IN THE ORIGINAL ASSIGNMENT, TO JOHN C WEIGAND PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 030981 FRAME 0166 ASSIGNOR S HEREBY CONFIRMS THE INVENTOR S CORRECT FULL NAME IS JOHN C WEIGAND | 031223 | /0242 |
Date | Maintenance Fee Events |
Jul 05 2018 | M2551: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 4th Yr, Small Entity. |
Jun 30 2022 | M2552: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 8th Yr, Small Entity. |
Date | Maintenance Schedule |
Jun 09 2018 | 4 years fee payment window open |
Dec 09 2018 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Jun 09 2019 | patent expiry (for year 4) |
Jun 09 2021 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 4) |
Jun 09 2022 | 8 years fee payment window open |
Dec 09 2022 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Jun 09 2023 | patent expiry (for year 8) |
Jun 09 2025 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 8) |
Jun 09 2026 | 12 years fee payment window open |
Dec 09 2026 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Jun 09 2027 | patent expiry (for year 12) |
Jun 09 2029 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 12) |