A method for controlling an extended-range electric vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an electronic sound enhancement system includes selecting a preferred engine order equalization, said preferred engine order equalization achieving a desired engine sound in a passenger compartment of the vehicle responsive to an operator input to an accelerator pedal and decoupled from actual engine operation responsive to a state of charge (SOC) of a propulsion battery. sound is generated in the passenger compartment by the electronic sound enhancement system responsive to the preferred engine order equalization.
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1. A method for controlling an extended-range electric vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an electronic sound enhancement system, comprising:
selecting a preferred engine order equalization, said preferred engine order equalization achieving a desired engine sound in a passenger compartment of the vehicle responsive to an operator input to an accelerator pedal and decoupled from actual engine operation responsive to a state of charge (SOC) of a propulsion battery; and
generating, by the electronic sound enhancement system, sound in the passenger compartment responsive to the preferred engine order equalization.
14. A method for controlling an extended-range electric vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an electronic sound enhancement system, comprising:
monitoring, by a controller, a state of charge (SOC) of a propulsion battery and an operator input to an accelerator pedal;
selecting a preferred engine order equalization that achieves a desired engine sound in a passenger compartment of the vehicle responsive to the operator input to the accelerator pedal, said desired sound associated with the preferred engine order equalization decoupled from actual engine sound; and
generating sound in the passenger compartment responsive to the preferred engine order equalization employing the electronic sound enhancement system.
2. The method of
3. The method of
determining a first sound spectrum corresponding to the desired engine sound in the passenger compartment;
determining a second sound spectrum corresponding to the presently occurring engine sound; and
selecting the preferred engine order equalization comprising a differential sound spectrum based upon differences between the first and corresponding second magnitudes for each frequency of the first and second sound spectrums.
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
determining a first sound spectrum corresponding to the desired engine sound;
determining a second sound spectrum corresponding to the actual engine sound; and
selecting the preferred engine order equalization comprising a differential sound spectrum based upon differences between the corresponding first and second magnitudes for each frequency of the first and second sound spectrums.
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This disclosure relates to an extended-range electric vehicle, and a system providing electronic sound enhancement.
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
An extended-range electric vehicle employs electric motors and, under certain circumstances, an internal combustion engine to generate propulsion torque. Vehicle operators perceive vehicle operation audibly, including perceiving engine operation in response to accelerator pedal position, a change in the accelerator pedal position or the state of charge of the high voltage (propulsion) battery.
A method for controlling an extended-range electric vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an electronic sound enhancement system includes selecting a preferred engine order equalization, said preferred engine order equalization achieving a desired engine sound in a passenger compartment of the vehicle responsive to an operator input to an accelerator pedal and decoupled from actual engine operation responsive to a state of charge (SOC) of a propulsion battery. Sound is generated in the passenger compartment by the electronic sound enhancement system responsive to the preferred engine order equalization.
The above features and advantages, and other features and advantages, of the present teachings are readily apparent from the following detailed description of some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings, as defined in the appended claims, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The detailed description and the drawings or figures are supportive and descriptive of the present teachings, but the scope of the present teachings is defined solely by the claims. While some of the best modes and other embodiments for carrying out the present teachings have been described in detail, various alternative designs and embodiments exist for practicing the present teachings defined in the appended claims.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein the depictions are for the purpose of illustrating certain exemplary embodiments only and not for the purpose of limiting the same,
A controller 20 signally and operatively connects to each of the aforementioned elements and executes control routines to effect control in response to the operator commands. Monitored parameters including position and a time-rate change in position of the accelerator pedal 42, electric current flow, battery voltage and temperature can be employed to calculate a state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery 18, vehicle speed, engine speed and load and engine ON/OFF states among others.
The EREV system 10 operates in one of an electric vehicle (EV) mode, an EREV mode, and, in one embodiment, an engine-only mode. The EV mode includes operating the EREV system 10 using only the motor/generator 14 to generate tractive torque, with the internal combustion engine 12 in an OFF state, i.e., not rotating. The EREV mode includes operating the vehicle system using the motor/generator 14 to generate tractive torque, with the internal combustion engine 12 in an ON state. When the internal combustion engine 12 is in the ON state, it is generating torque that can be transferred to the drive wheel 16 for tractive effort and/or used for generating electric power that can be transferred to and stored in the battery 18 and/or transferred to the motor/generator 14 for tractive effort. The EREV system 10 can be coupled with a plug-in system that permits battery charging from an electric power grid when the vehicle is stationary. The EREV system 10 can operate in a charge-sustaining mode or a charge-depleting mode. The charge-sustaining mode includes an operating scheme that operates to maintain battery state-of-charge (SOC) within an allowable SOC window, e.g., 40%-60%. In this operating scheme, the vehicle operates in the EV mode so long as the battery SOC remains within the allowable SOC window, and switches to the EREV mode for charging the battery when the battery SOC approaches or falls below the allowable SOC window to maintain the battery SOC within the window. The charge-depleting mode includes an operating scheme that permits the battery state-of-charge (SOC) to fall to a depleted SOC level, e.g., 40%, with the vehicle operating in the EV mode.
The ESE system 50 includes a controller including non-volatile memory devices that contain executable ESE control routines and a plurality of engine order equalizations (EQs) 51. The ESE system 50 operatively connects to a speaker 54 through an amplifier, mixer, and other suitable components (amplifier) 52 that may be integrated into a vehicle infotainment system. The ESE system 50 dynamically controls and manages powertrain sound quality in the passenger compartment by executing ESE control routines, e.g., as described with reference to
The ESE system 50 executes ESE control routines to determine an engine base order sound and select a corresponding one of the engine order EQs 51 to mimic a desired sound from the engine 12. The selected engine order EQ 51 is communicated to the amplifier 52 and converted to electrical signals that drive the speaker 54, and the speaker 54 emits an audio signal that combines with the sound emitted from the engine 12. The audio signal emitted from the speaker 54 is superimposed on the sound emitted from the engine 12. The selected engine order EQ 51 enhances the engine sound by augmenting an actual engine base order sound emitted by the engine 12.
Control module, module, control, controller, control unit, processor and similar terms mean any one or various combinations of one or more of Application Specific Integrated Circuit(s) (ASIC), electronic circuit(s), central processing unit(s) (preferably microprocessor(s)) and associated memory and storage (read only, programmable read only, random access, hard drive, etc.) executing one or more software or firmware programs or routines, combinational logic circuit(s), input/output circuit(s) and devices, appropriate signal conditioning and buffer circuitry, and other components to provide the described functionality. Software, firmware, programs, instructions, routines, code, algorithms and similar terms mean any controller executable instruction sets including calibrations and look-up tables. The controller has a set of control routines executed to provide the desired functions. Routines are executed, such as by a central processing unit, and are operable to monitor inputs from sensing devices and other networked controllers, and execute control and diagnostic routines to control operation of actuators. Routines may be executed at regular intervals, for example each 100 microseconds or 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 100 milliseconds during ongoing engine and vehicle operation. Alternatively, routines may be executed in response to occurrence of an event.
TABLE 1
FIG. 2
BLOCK
BLOCK CONTENTS
202
Monitor SOC
204
SOC High
205
Engine OFF; ESE OFF
206
Engine ON
208
Engine ON due to ambient temperature
209
ESE On under some conditions
210
Engine ON - Evaluate APP to classify
accelerator pedal dynamics as aggressive
or normal
212
Aggressive pedal dynamics
Execute EQ that achieves performance
sound in ESE
214
Normal pedal dynamics
Execute EQ that achieves purring sound in
ESE
220
SOC Low; Engine ON
222
Engine ON, SOC near target SOC
Charge sustaining mode
230
Evaluate APP to classify accelerator pedal
dynamics as aggressive or normal
232
Execute EQ that achieves sporty sound in
ESE
234
Execute EQ that achieves purring sound in
ESE
240
Engine ON, SOC << target SOC
241
Evaluate APP to classify accelerator pedal
dynamics as aggressive or normal
242
Execute EQ that achieves sporty sound in
ESE
244
Execute EQ that achieves purring sound in
ESE
The ESE control routine 200 operates by regularly and ongoingly monitoring SOC of the high voltage battery that provides electric power to the electric motor/generator and monitoring operator input to the accelerator pedal, including an accelerator pedal position (APP) (202). When the SOC is high, i.e., greater than 60% mode (204) in one embodiment, the system determines whether the internal combustion engine is in an ON state or an OFF state. When the internal combustion engine is in the OFF state (205), operation of the ESE system is suspended and this iteration of the ESE control routine 200 ends with no further action. When the internal combustion engine is in the ON state (206), the system determines whether it is in the ON state in response to ambient temperature conditions (208), such as may be necessary to operate passenger compartment heating, ventilation and cooling systems. The ESE system may be activated under certain conditions when the internal combustion engine is in the ON state in response to ambient temperature conditions (209). When the internal combustion engine is in the ON state for reasons other than in response to ambient temperature conditions, such as to provide direct tractive power or to provide mechanical power that is transformed to electric power and employed by the motor/generator to generate tractive power, operator commands to the accelerator pedal are monitored, with the APP and a time-rate change in the APP evaluated to classify accelerator pedal dynamics as either aggressive or normal (210). The APP is considered to be low or normal and the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered normal or non-aggressive when the APP is in a range between 5% and 50% of a wide-open throttle position in one embodiment. The APP is considered to be high and/or the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered aggressive when the APP is in a range that is greater than 50% of a wide-open throttle position in one embodiment. Classifying the accelerator pedal dynamics as either aggressive or normal is application-specific and calibratable.
When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered normal, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order equation (EQ) that achieves an audible engine sound reminiscent of a low-level purring sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (214). This includes generating a first magnitude/frequency spectrum corresponding to the audible engine sound reminiscent of a low-level purring sound in the passenger compartment and generating a second magnitude/frequency spectrum corresponding to the actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound. Each of the selected engine order EQs is a differential sound spectrum that is determined based upon differences between the first and corresponding second magnitudes across the audible frequency range. The process for selecting and executing an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound is the same for each of the selected engine and engine-related sound. When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered aggressive, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound reminiscent of an accelerating engine performance sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (212).
When the system is operating with the engine ON with the SOC near the target SOC (220, 222), the powertrain system operates in a charge-sustaining mode to maintain the SOC at or near the target SOC. The operator commands to the accelerator pedal are monitored, with the APP and a time-rate change in the APP evaluated to classify accelerator pedal dynamics as either aggressive or normal (230). When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered normal, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound reminiscent of a low-level purring sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (234). When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered aggressive, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound reminiscent of a performance sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (232).
When the system is operating with the engine ON with the SOC significantly less than the target SOC (240, 241), the powertrain system continues to operate in a charge-sustaining mode. The engine may produce significant noise during charging operation because the engine may be operating at high speed to charge the propulsion battery towards the target SOC. The operator commands to the accelerator pedal are monitored, with the APP and a time-rate change in the APP evaluated to classify accelerator pedal dynamics as either aggressive or normal (241). When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered normal, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound reminiscent of a low-level purring sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (244). When the accelerator pedal dynamics are considered aggressive, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ that achieves an engine sound reminiscent of a performance sound while accounting for actual, presently occurring engine and engine-related sound (242).
Thus, under conditions of steady state cruising with a low accelerator pedal input approaching a grade in the road, the SOC dictates engine operation, and the ESE control routine 200 monitors the SOC and other variables as the basis for selecting and executing one of the engine order EQs to achieve a desired engine sound in a passenger compartment of the vehicle responsive to the operator input to the accelerator pedal and decoupled from engine sound associated with operation of the engine dictated by the SOC. When the battery SOC is low and approaching a minimum target SOC with engine operation dictated in the charge sustaining mode, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ1 to achieve a purring sound in response to a normal operator input to the accelerator pedal while accounting for the engine operation in the charge sustaining mode. When the battery SOC is low but significantly greater than the minimum target SOC and engine operation is commanded for other reasons during operation in the charge depleting mode, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ3 to achieve the purring sound in response to a normal operator input to the accelerator pedal while accounting for the engine operation. Both EQ1 and EQ3 can deliver the same purring sound, thus resulting in a uniform, unchanging purring sound in the passenger compartment decoupled from sound associated with operation of the vehicle across a range in engine speeds associated with charging operation.
When the battery SOC is low and approaching a target SOC, engine operation can be dictated with operation in the charge sustaining mode with engine on (222), the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ2 to achieve a sporty sound in response to an aggressive operator input to the accelerator pedal (230, 232), and when the battery SOC is low but significantly less than the target SOC, engine operation is dictated by operating in a more aggressive charge mode (higher RPM) with the engine ON, the ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ4 to achieve the sporty sound in response to an aggressive operator input to the accelerator pedal. However both EQ2 and EQ4 can deliver the same sound, thus resulting in continuous sporty sound in the passenger compartment decoupled from sound associated with engine operation over a range in engine speeds associated with charging operation.
When the battery SOC is high, engine operation can be dictated while operating in the charge depleting mode. The ESE system selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ5 to achieve a performance sound in response to an aggressive operator input to the accelerator pedal. The performance sound generated by the engine order EQ identified as EQ5 is similar to but even greater in magnitude and character of sound as compared to the sporty sound (EQ2, EQ4) to match the increased vehicle performance operating capabilities because of high SOC. Likewise, when the battery SOC is high, operation can be dictated by operating in the charge depleting mode with engine on, the ESE system 50 selects and executes an engine order EQ identified as EQ6 to achieve a purring sound in response to a normal operator input to the accelerator pedal. The engine order EQs identified as EQ1, EQ3 and EQ6 can deliver the same purring sound, thus resulting in a uniform, unchanging purring sound in the passenger compartment across a range in engine speeds, driver modes, pedal response and SOC in one embodiment. Monitoring the SOC allows the ESE system to predict engine autostarting, with a corresponding ramping in of the ESE system to enhance sound associated with engine starting. Furthermore, other inputs can be employed to determine if the ESE system 50 is active in addition to SOC, including ambient temperature, coolant temperature and operator-selected vehicle mode.
Operation of an embodiment of the ESE system under different operating conditions is described with reference to
Reilly, Scott M., Valeri, Frank C., Koons, Douglas R.
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