Methods and apparatuses are provided for transmitting and receiving a-priori information. The transmitting method includes generating, by circuitry of a transmission apparatus, the a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a signal to be transmitted. The a-priori information is appended to a data signal by the circuitry. The circuitry transmits the data signal including the appended a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
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13. A transmission apparatus, comprising:
circuitry configured to:
generate a chirp signal that represents a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a data signal to be transmitted, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth; and
append the chirp signal that represents the a-priori information to the data signal; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the data signal including the appended chirp signal that represents the a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
14. A reception apparatus, comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal including a-priori information appended to a data signal; and
circuitry configured to:
detect a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information included in the transmitted signal, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth; and
determine a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected chirp signal that represents the a-priori information.
1. A method for transmitting a-priori information, the method comprising:
generating, by circuitry of a transmission apparatus, a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a signal to be transmitted, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth;
appending, by the circuitry, the chirp signal that represents the a-priori information to a data signal; and
transmitting, by a transmitter, the data signal including the appended chirp signal that represents the a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
6. A method for receiving a-priori information, the method comprising:
receiving, by a receiver of a reception apparatus, a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal including a-priori information appended to a data signal;
detecting, by circuitry of the reception apparatus, a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information included in the transmitted signal, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth; and
determining, by the circuitry, a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected chirp signal that represents the a-priori information.
3. The method of
4. The method of
7. The method of
adjusting a tuner of the receiver that receives the transmitted signal based on the determined channel bandwidth; and
performing analog to digital conversion of the received signal based on the determined sampling frequency.
8. The method of
performing FM demodulation of the transmitted signal.
10. The method of
11. The method of
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The present disclosure relates to transmitting and receiving a-priori information in a communication system.
During the last decade, terrestrial broadcasting has evolved from analog to digital. There exist several wideband digital communication techniques depending on a broadcasting standard used. For example, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) are one of the latest schemes used in wideband digital communication systems, whether wireless or over copper wires. OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies and is used in applications such as digital television and audio broadcasting, DSL Internet access, wireless networks, power line networks, and 4G mobile communications.
Current digital broadcasting systems use fixed knowledge of a channel bandwidth at a receiver. In addition to the specific information about the communications technology used, the receiver needs the channel bandwidth or a sampling frequency to demodulate received signals. Due to technical advancements, the channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency may change over the years. As recognized by the present inventor, there is a need to facilitate changes in channel bandwidth and/or sampling frequency.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of a transmission apparatus for transmitting a-priori information. The method includes generating, by circuitry of a transmission apparatus, the a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a signal to be transmitted. The a-priori information is appended to a data signal by the circuitry. The circuitry transmits the data signal including the appended a-priori information to a reception apparatus
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a transmission apparatus that includes circuitry configured to generate a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a data signal to be transmitted, append the a-priori information to the data signal, and transmit the data signal including the appended a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of a reception apparatus for detecting a-priori information. The method includes receiving, by circuitry of a reception apparatus, a transmitted signal. The transmitted signal includes a-priori information appended to a data signal. The a-priori information included in the transmitted signal is detected by the circuitry. Further, the circuitry determines a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected a-priori information.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a reception apparatus. The reception apparatus comprises circuitry configured to receive a transmitted signal. The transmitted signal includes a-priori information appended to a data signal. The circuitry detects the a-priori information included in the transmitted signal and determines a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected a-priori information.
A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
While the present disclosure is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure of such embodiments is to be considered as an example of the principles and not intended to limit the present disclosure to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings.
The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term “plurality”, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term “another”, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and/or “having”, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). The term “coupled”, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically. The term “program” or “computer program” or similar terms, as used herein, is defined as a sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system. A “program”, or “computer program”, may include a subroutine, a program module, a script, a function, a procedure, an object method, an object implementation, in an executable application, an applet, a servlet, a source code, an object code, a shared library/dynamic load library and/or other sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system.
Reference throughout this document to “one embodiment”, “certain embodiments”, “an embodiment”, “an implementation”, “an example” or similar terms means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of such phrases or in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments without limitation.
The term “or” as used herein is to be interpreted as an inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means “any of the following: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C”. An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
As technology advances, channel bandwidths and/or sampling frequencies used to communicate data may change. These changes may result from factors such as a change in communication scheme (e.g., different broadcasting techniques) or other criteria (e.g., service provider specification). For example, the service provider may choose an appropriate channel bandwidth for broadcasting 4K content or mobile content. In another example, a service provider may control several adjacent channels and could benefit from channel bonding.
In the last decade for example, the IEEE 802.11 family consists of many versions (a, b, g, n, ac, etc.) where the modulation scheme is either OFDM or DSSS, the center frequency is either 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, the sampling frequency or data rate changed from 1 Mbps to 780 Mbps, and the bandwidth has changed from 20 MHz to 160 MHz.
As the channel bandwidth and/or sampling frequency changes, devices are typically replaced to take advantage of the technological advances. However, replacement of such devices for each technological improvement is not only inflexible but costly and wasteful. Thus, there is a need for indicating a-priori information, including the bandwidth and sampling frequency, to account for different channel bandwidth options because an initially set sampling frequency and bandwidth may not be constant through the years, for example as apparent from the different versions of 802.11. Embodiments of the present disclosure address these problems by providing the channel bandwidth, sampling frequency, and/or multiplexing frequency to the reception apparatus. This information may be provided along with, a separately from, an associated data stream.
The channel bandwidth and sampling frequency are included in a-priori information and are needed by the reception apparatus to demodulate a received signal. Further, the a-priori information optionally includes the multiplexing technique. In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the-priori information is transmitted with the signal. However, the a-priori information may be provided separately from the signal, such as via a predetermined channel or by a predetermined server on the Internet. The predetermined server may be a server that provides software updates to the reception apparatus, provided by a service provider, or provided by specified entity such as the FCC.
In certain embodiments, a-priori information is transmitted using a technique that does not require prior knowledge of the channel bandwidth and/or the sampling frequency by the reception apparatus. The a-priori information contains one or a combination of channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency. The a-priori information is obtained before starting decoding at the reception apparatus. The reception apparatus first processes the a-priori information to extract, or otherwise determine, the channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency. The channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency are then used in the decoding of digital information. The proposed method is flexible and can be used with a variety of communication standards.
The output signal from the tuner 100 is fed to an analog to digital converter (ADC) 108. The ADC 108 needs the sampling frequency to perform the analog to digital conversion. The output signal from the ADC 108 is fed to the demodulator 106. The demodulator 106 separates a standard baseband signal from the RF carrier that was used to transmit it through a communication medium, for example air or a coaxial cable. Using the standard developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), the bandwidth is fixed as regulated and thus known to the reception apparatus. Once the tuner 100, is tuned to the desired frequency all of the energy in the bandwidth is considered desired information. In current television systems, the bandwidth is hardcoded by the manufacturer based on one or more standards implemented where the television system is to be used. Because the bandwidth is known, the sampling frequency can be determined.
The signal may be put on continuous pilots. In broadcasting systems, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes. The continuous pilots have a known constant value that corresponds to specific frequencies. In one embodiment, a phase change between a previous data carrier and the continuous pilot may indicate “−1” and no phase change may indicate “+1”. The sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth are represented by their binary word equivalent (e.g., the 10 bits described above). In one embodiment, the zero may be mapped to “+1” and the one to “−1”. In other embodiments the phase change indications and/or the mapping may be reversed, The number of continuous pilots corresponds to different mode such as 8K, 16K, etc.
The a-priori information may be a chipped sequence with Gold codes that rides below the noise. Gold codes are binary sequences that are highly orthogonal to one another. The Gold codes strongly correlate, when they are exactly aligned. The Gold codes are commonly used in satellite navigation and in code division multiple access (CDMA) communication. The a-priori information is coded and then the coded a-priori information is sent on the continuous pilots as explained above. The coded a-priori information can be accumulated in time with a known Gold code or the like. Extracting the a-priori information involves an FM demodulator adding accumulators in time with a known code that has to vary across Doppler offsets and chip sequence offsets and chip sequence offsets, which can add to channel change time.
In one embodiment, the a-priori information may be used with coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) based systems and the a-priori information is transmitted in a chirp signal. In other embodiments, the a-priori information may be transmitted using amplitude diversity.
The preamble may also include control, synchronization, information, or other signaling data as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. At step S206, the preamble is appended to, or otherwise inserted into, an information signal or frame. In another embodiment, the a-priori information is inserted into a portion of the information signal or frame. At step S208, the signal (e.g., a digital television signal) generated at step S206 is modulated and transmitted according to a communication method as explained in detail later.
In one embodiment, the preamble and the a-priori information signal described above are included in a digital television signal transmitted in a broadcasting system that employs a COFDM scheme. COFDM is the same as OFDM except that forward error correction is applied to the signal before transmission. OFDM is utilized in the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting system DVB-T (used in Europe) and integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Terrestrial Television Broadcasting ISDB-T (used in Japan). COFDM is expected to be used in the future implementation of ATSC 3.0, which is now under discussion. COFDM is a multi-carrier modulation technique that can provide good performance in some wireless environments. In COFDM, the available bandwidth is divided into several orthogonal frequency sub-bands, which are also called sub-carriers. The partial allocation of the data payload to each subcarrier protects it against frequency selective fading. The number of sub-carriers may be dependent on the standard used. For example, Digital Video Broadcasting for Handhelds (DVB-H) uses 1705, 3409, or 6817 sub-carriers depending on the mode of operation. ISDB-T uses 256, 512, or 1024 depending on the mode of operation.
A reception apparatus begins to demodulate the incoming signal after detecting the preamble or GI which indicates the start of a COFDM frame. The reception apparatus may use autocorrelation to find the start of the frame as the GI is a repeated portion of the frame data. Inter symbol interference (ISI) may be canceled completely when the cyclic prefix guard interval has a duration equal to or larger than the channel delay spread. The CP is discarded at the reception apparatus, because it is only used to cancel the effect of the ISI. The frame data may be encoded depending on the system used. For example, the data may be BPSK, QPSK or QAM modulated. For example, in DVB-T2, the subcarrier modulation scheme may be QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM or 256-QAM.
In one embodiment, the preamble signal generated at step S204, includes a chirp signal. The chirp signal is a signal that includes one or more chirp bursts in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time. A linear chirp may be used. The chirp signal may be expressed as:
f(t)=f0+kt (1)
where f0 is the starting frequency and k is the chirp rate and may be expressed as:
where f1 is the final frequency of the chirp at time t1. The chirp signal is similar to a radar chirp in one embodiment.
The chirp signal may be generated digitally using a digital signal processor (DSP) and a DAC using a direct digital synthesizer. Two or more bursts may be added to the preamble of every frame or every Nth frame (where N is equal to 2 or greater). In
The number of bursts may be based on the desired preamble size. The reception apparatus may use multiple bursts to identify the boundaries of a burst. The reception apparatus detects a change in the frequency to identify the beginning of the burst. Once the beginning of the burst is identified, the reception apparatus can detect the maximum frequency and the period of the burst. For example, the reception apparatus determines a starting boundary of the second burst using the first burst, and an ending boundary of the second burst using the following partial burst.
For example,
As another example, if the channel bandwidth that needs to be transmitted to the receiver is 20 MHz and the sampling frequency is 48/7 MHz, then the period is chosen as
The chirp signal is repeated every COFDM frame according to one embodiment. The preamble also contains data to indicate the type of data transmitted for example, audio, video, and WiFi. The chirp signal may be inserted before or after the preamble of signaling data included in the preamble. The chirp signal may be also generated using analog circuitry.
An antenna 912 receives the modulated signal from the transmission apparatus described in
The output of the FM demodulator 902 is fed to an a-priori key processor 906. The a-priori key processor 906 extracts the signal period to deduce the sampling frequency. The a-priori key processor 906 outputs the channel bandwidth to the tuner 900 and the sampling frequency to the ADC 904. The a-priori key processor may use a K-map table stored in the memory to find the sampling frequency and channel bandwidth. An exemplary k-map table is shown below.
TABLE 1
K-map table for sampling frequency retrieval
Frequency (MHz)
6
20
T
0.875
Fs = 48/7 MHz, BW = 6 MHz
Fs = 22.85 MHz, BW = 20 MHz
2.91
Fs = 2.06 MHz, BW = 6 MHz
Fs = 48/7 MHz, BW = 20 MHz
The FM demodulator 902 may also accumulate two or more bursts, for example, in the case of a low energy channel, which permits operation close to the noise level. The sampling frequency is calculated from the period as explained above. The sampling frequency is used by an analog-to digital converter (ADC) 904 to convert the COFDM signal into a digital form.
A COFDM demodulator 908 detects the guard interval for the COFDM transmission in order to place an FFT window in each COFDM symbol period. In the COFDM demodulator 908, a FFT unit performs an FFT on the COFDM symbols received and provides frequency domain symbols. Then a receiver (Rx) data processor 910 processes (e.g., symbol demaps, deinterleaves, and decodes) the data symbol estimates and provides decoded data. Although not shown in
In selected embodiments, amplitude diversity also known as antenna diversity may be used with COFDM. Antenna diversity is any one of several wireless diversity schemes that use two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. The channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency may be coded in the L1-Pre signaling part of the COFDM signal. The preamble may be coded using a QPSK (e.g., using the in-phase components of QPSK only, that is BPSK to send codes of the sampling frequency and channel bandwidth) scheme with ½ code rate forward error correction (FEC). The channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency may be coded with a small amount of bits.
The output from the envelope detector 1008 is fed to a-priori key processor 1018. The a-priori key processor 1018 retrieves the coded channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency as the output from the envelope detector is the binary representation of the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth. Once the coded channel bandwidth and sampling frequency are retrieved from the a-priori key processor 1008, the one or more codes are compared with a look-up table stored in the memory to retrieve the channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency. In one embodiment, 5 BPSK symbols may be used to represent the sampling frequency and 5 BPSK symbols may be used to represent the channel bandwidth. Thus, a first look-up table with 32 entries (2^5) may be used to retrieve the sampling frequency. Similarly, a second look-up table with 32 entries (2^5) may be used to retrieve the channel bandwidth. The channel bandwidth is then fed to the tuner 1006 to retrieve the signal. The sampling frequency is fed to the ADC 1010. The output from the ADC 1010 is fed to the demodulator 1012.
The receiver circuitry illustrated in
The reception apparatus includes a tuner/demodulator 1102, which receives digital television broadcast signals from one or more content sources (e.g., content source) via, for example, a terrestrial broadcast. The tuner/demodulator 1102 includes one of the receiver circuitry illustrated in
In one embodiment, the received signal (or stream) includes supplemental data such as one or a combination of closed caption data, a triggered declarative object (TDO), a trigger, a virtual channel table, EPG data, NRT content, etc. Examples of the TDO and trigger are described in ATSC Candidate Standard: Interactive Services Standard (A/105:2014), S13-2-389r7, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The supplemental data are separated out by the demultiplexer 1104. However, the A/V content and/or the supplemental data may be received via the Internet 1130 and a network interface 1126.
A storage unit may be provided to store non real time content (NRT) or Internet-delivered content such as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). The stored content can be played by demultiplexing the content stored in the storage unit by the demultiplexer 1104 in a manner similar to that of other sources of content. Alternatively, the stored content may be processed and presented to the user by the CPU 1138. The storage unit may also store any other supplemental data acquired by the reception apparatus.
The reception apparatus generally operates under control of at least one processor, such as the CPU 1138, which is coupled to a working memory 1140, program memory 1142, and a graphics subsystem 1144 via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1150). The CPU 1138 receives closed caption data from the demultiplexer 1104 as well as any other supplemental data used for rendering graphics, and passes appropriate instructions and data to the graphics subsystem 1144. The graphics outputted by the graphics subsystem 1144 are combined with video images by the compositor and video interface 1160 to produce an output suitable for display on a video display.
Further, the CPU 1138 operates to carry out functions of the reception apparatus including the processing of NRT content, triggers, TDOs, EPG data, etc. For example, the CPU 1138 operates to execute script objects (control objects) contained in the TDO, its trigger(s), etc., using for example a Declarative Object (DO) Engine stored in the program memory 1142.
Although not illustrated in
As illustrated in
According to one embodiment, the CPU 1202 loads a program stored in the recording portion 1216 into the RAM 1206 via the input-output interface 1210 and the bus 1208, and then executes a program configured to provide the functionality of the one or combination of the content source, the reception apparatus, and the transmission apparatus.
A method which includes the features in the foregoing description provides numerous advantages. In particular, the method and apparatus determines the channel bandwidth and the sampling frequency from the preamble signal. The present disclosure has the advantage of not requiring the a-priori knowledge of the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth. The broadcaster may easily change the bandwidth by changing the chirp signal. The reception apparatus may receive broadcasting signals with a plurality of channel bandwidths. The broadcaster has the flexibility to control the channel bandwidth.
As described above, embodiments of the present disclosure include a plurality of different ways for generating a-priori keys, including the use of a ‘chirp’ frequency and amplitude diversity. In certain embodiments, the ‘chirp’ frequency implementation spans the channel raster to mitigate frequency fading, is located in every preamble to mitigate dropouts in time, allows for a simple FM demodulator at a receiver to extract a-priori information of channel bandwidth and sampling frequency, and may allow accumulated correlations to build up information out of the noise due to the repetitive nature of same data.
Further, in certain embodiments, for the amplitude diversity implementation, the QPSK modulated data with code rate ½ protected signaling may be done digitally, delay and multiply circuits can be done to extract this data before an A/D, and may allow accumulated correlations to build up information out of the noise due to the repetitive nature of same data. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a manner of standardizing signal starting points to enable full flexibility for future growth, providing such signaling in a compact way to reduce overhead, and signaling starting point options before the digital samples are taken at receivers.
Numerous modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
The above disclosure also encompasses the embodiments noted below.
(1) A method for transmitting a-priori information, the method including generating, by circuitry of a transmission apparatus, the a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a signal to be transmitted; appending, by the circuitry, the a-priori information to a data signal; and transmitting, by the circuitry, the data signal including the appended a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
(2) The method of feature (1), in which the step of generating includes generating a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth.
(3) The method of feature (2), in which the chirp signal includes at least two identical bursts.
(4) The method of feature (3), in which the beginning of one of the at least two identical bursts is detected by a change in frequency between two of the at least two identical bursts.
(5) The method of any of features (2) to (4), in which the chirp signal is appended to a COFDM frame.
(6) The method of feature (5), in which the chirp signal is appended to a preamble of the COFDM frame.
(7) The method of feature (1), in which the step of generating includes generating binary code that represents the a-priori information, including the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth; and setting a phase of a continuous pilot based on the binary code.
(8) The method of feature (7), in which the a-priori information is coded and accumulated in time with a Gold code.
(9) A method for receiving a-priori information, the method including receiving, by circuitry of a reception apparatus, a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal including a-priori information appended to a data signal; detecting, by the circuitry, the a-priori information included in the transmitted signal; and determining a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected a-priori information.
(10) The method of feature (9), further including adjusting a tuner that receives the transmitted signal based on the determined channel bandwidth; and performing analog to digital conversion of the received signal based on the determined sampling frequency.
(11) The method of feature (9) or (10), in which the step of detecting includes detecting a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth.
(12) The method of feature (11), in which the step of detecting includes performing FM demodulation of the transmitted signal.
(13) The method of feature (11), in which the chirp signal includes at least two identical bursts.
(14) The method of feature (13), in which the beginning of one of the at least two identical bursts is detected by a change in frequency between two of the at least two identical bursts.
(15) The method of any of features (11) to (14), in which the chirp signal is appended to a COFDM frame.
(16) The method of feature (15), in which the chirp signal is appended to a preamble of the COFDM frame.
(17) The method of feature (9), in which the step of detecting includes detecting a phase of a continuous pilot, comparing the phase of the continuous pilot with a previous data carrier, detecting a first code in response to determining that there is a phase change, detecting a second code in response to determining that there is no phase change, and retrieving one of the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth using a look-up table based on the detected code.
(18) The method of feature (17), in which the detected code represents coded a-priori information, and the step of detecting the a-priori information further includes accumulating the detected code with a Gold code stored in a memory.
(19) A transmission apparatus, including circuitry configured to: generate a-priori information based on a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth of a data signal to be transmitted; append the a-priori information to the data signal; and transmit the data signal including the appended a-priori information to a reception apparatus.
(20) The transmission apparatus of feature (19), in which the circuitry is configured to generate a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth.
(21) The transmission apparatus of feature (20), in which the chirp signal includes at least two identical bursts.
(22) The transmission apparatus of feature (21), in which the beginning of one of the at least two identical bursts is detected by a change in frequency between two of the at least two identical bursts.
(23) The transmission apparatus of any of features (20) to (22), in which the chirp signal is appended to a COFDM frame.
(24) The transmission apparatus of feature (23), in which the chirp signal is appended to a preamble of the COFDM frame.
(25) The transmission apparatus of feature (19), in which the circuitry is configured to generate a binary code that represents the a-priori information, including the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth; and setting a phase of a continuous pilot based on the binary code.
(26) The transmission apparatus of feature (25), in which the a-priori information is coded and accumulated in time with a Gold code.
(27) A reception apparatus, including circuitry configured to: receive a transmitted signal, the transmitted signal including a-priori information appended to a data signal; detect the a-priori information included in the transmitted signal; and determine a sampling frequency and a channel bandwidth associated with the transmitted signal based on the detected a-priori information.
(28) The reception apparatus of feature (27), in which the circuitry is configured to adjust a tuner that receives the transmitted signal based on the determined channel bandwidth; and perform analog to digital conversion of the received signal based on the determined sampling frequency.
(29) The reception apparatus of feature (27) or (28), in which the circuitry is configured to detect a chirp signal that represents the a-priori information, the chirp signal including at least one burst with a chirp rate equal to the sampling frequency and with a maximum frequency equal to the channel bandwidth.
(30) The reception apparatus of feature (29), in which the circuitry is configured to perform FM demodulation of the transmitted signal.
(31) The reception apparatus of feature (30), in which the chirp signal includes at least two identical bursts.
(32) The reception apparatus of feature (31), in which the beginning of one of the at least two identical bursts is detected by a change in frequency between two of the at least two identical bursts.
(33) The reception apparatus of any of features (29) to (32), in which the chirp signal is appended to a COFDM frame.
(34) The reception apparatus of feature (33), in which the chirp signal is appended to a preamble of the COFDM frame.
(35) The reception apparatus of feature (27), in which the circuitry is configured to detect a phase of a continuous pilot, compare the phase of the continuous pilot with a previous data carrier, detect a first code in response to determining that there is a phase change, detect a second code in response to determining that there is no phase change, and retrieve one of the sampling frequency and the channel bandwidth using a look-up table based on the detected code.
(36) The reception apparatus of feature (35), in which the detected code represents coded a-priori information, and the step of detecting the a-priori information further includes accumulating the detected code with a Gold code stored in a memory.
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