A cutting tool. The cutting tool includes a cylindrical body and one or more axial rows of cutting elements, which project outwardly from and are situated radially to the circumference of the cylindrical body. Each cutting element of each row includes one or more pocket cutting elements and one or more groove cutting elements. Each pocket cutting element includes a cutting surface. Each groove cutting element includes a cutting surface having groove cutting teeth.
|
16. A cutting element of a cutting tool and comprising:
a body having a cutting surface and a tapered surface extending away from the cutting edge, the cutting edge including a series of rectangular cutting teeth of constant height, the body formed of a tool material suitable for machining aluminum or magnesium alloy, and the series of rectangular cutting teeth suitable for cutting grooves in the aluminum or magnesium alloy.
1. A cutting tool comprising:
a cylindrical body; and
one or more axial rows of cutting elements projecting outwardly from and situated radially to the circumference of the cylindrical body, each cutting element of each row including one or more pocket cutting elements and one or more groove cutting elements, each pocket cutting element including a cutting surface, each groove cutting element including a cutting surface having groove cutting teeth of constant height, and each cutting surface of the one or more groove cutting elements being shaped differently than each cutting surface of the one or more pocket cutting elements.
11. A cutting tool comprising:
a cylindrical body; and
one or more axial rows of cutting elements projecting outwardly from and situated radially to the circumference of the cylindrical body, each cutting element of each row including one or more pocket cutting elements and one or more groove cutting elements, each pocket cutting element including a cutting surface, each groove cutting element including a cutting surface having groove cutting teeth of constant height, and the top surfaces of the groove cutting teeth are offset radially from the top surface of the pocket cutting element with respect to the cylindrical body by a nonzero value h.
2. A cutting tool comprising:
a cylindrical body; and
one or more axial rows of cutting elements projecting outwardly from and situated radially to the circumference of the cylindrical body, each cutting element of each row including one or more pocket cutting elements and one or more groove cutting elements, each pocket cutting element including a cutting surface, each groove cutting element including a cutting surface having groove cutting teeth of constant height, and the height of the groove cutting teeth from the circumference of the cylindrical body is greater than the height of the pocket cutting teeth from the circumference of the cylindrical body by a nonzero offset h.
3. The cutting tool of
4. The cutting tool of
5. The cutting tool of
6. The cutting tool of
7. The cutting tool of
8. The cutting tool of
10. The cutting tool of
12. The cutting tool of
13. The cutting tool of
14. The cutting tool of
15. The cutting tool of
17. The cylindrical bore of
18. The cutting tool of
19. The cutting tool of
20. The cutting tool of
21. The cutting tool of
22. The cutting tool of
23. The cutting tool of
24. The cutting tool of
25. The cutting tool of
|
The present invention relates to a cylindrical surface cutting tool and process.
Automotive engine blocks include a number of cylindrical engine bores. The inner surface of each engine bore is machined so that the surface is suitable for use in automotive applications, e.g., exhibits suitable wear resistance and strength. The machining process may include roughening the inner surface and subsequently applying a metallic coating to the roughened surface and subsequently honing the metallic coating to obtain a finished inner surface. Various surface roughening techniques are known in the art, but have suffered from one or more drawbacks or disadvantages.
A cutting tool is disclosed. The cutting tool includes a cylindrical body and one or more axial rows of cutting elements, which project outwardly from and are situated radially to the circumference of the cylindrical body. Each cutting element of each row includes one or more pocket cutting elements and one or more groove cutting elements. Each pocket cutting element includes a cutting surface. Each groove cutting element includes a cutting surface having groove cutting teeth.
In one or more embodiments, the height of the groove cutting teeth is greater than the height of the pocket cutting teeth by a nonzero offset h. The axial cutting elements may be substantially equally radially spaced apart from each other. The one or more axial rows of cutting elements may include two or more axial rows of cutting elements. The width of each of the two or more axial rows of cutting elements may overlap adjacent axial rows of cutting elements. In one or more embodiments, the two or more axial rows of cutting elements include first and second axial rows of cutting elements, each having the same sequence of groove and pocket cutting elements, axially offset by one cutting element.
In one or more embodiments, the axial rows of cutting elements may include three or more cutting elements. The three or more cutting elements may include one pocket cutting element and two groove cutting elements. The two groove cutting elements may be adjacent to each other. The groove cutting surfaces may include flat valley portions between the pocket cutting teeth. The top surfaces of the groove cutting teeth may be offset radially from the top surface of the pocket cutting element by a nonzero value h. The groove cutting teeth may include a pair of side walls substantially parallel to each other and a top surface substantially perpendicular to the pair of side walls. The cutting elements may be formed of a material having a stiffness greater than an aluminum or magnesium alloy. The pocket and groove cutting surfaces may be tangential to the surface of the cylindrical body. The diameter of the inner surface of a cylinder bore cut with the cutting tool may significantly greater than the cutting tool diameter.
A cutting element of a cutting tool is disclosed. The cutting element includes a body having a cutting surface and a tapered surface extending away from the cutting edge. The cutting edge includes a series of rectangular cutting teeth. The body is formed of a material having a stiffness greater than an aluminum or magnesium alloy. The series of rectangular cutting teeth cut grooves in the aluminum or magnesium alloy.
A cylinder bore is also disclosed. The cylinder bore includes an inner surface including an axial travel area and an axial non-travel area, and a plurality of annular grooves formed in the axial non-travel area. The nominal diameter of the axial travel area may be greater than that of the axial non-travel area. The axial non-travel area may include two discontinuous axial widths of the cylindrical bore, and the axial travel area may extend therebetween. The aspect ratio of the depth of the annular grooves to the width of the annual grooves may be 0.5 or less.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments known to the inventors. However, it should be understood that disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the present invention which may be embodied in various and alternative forms. Therefore, specific details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, rather merely as representative bases for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.
Except where expressly indicated, all numerical quantities in this description indicating amounts of material are to be understood as modified by the word “about” in describing the broadest scope of the present invention.
Automotive engine blocks include a number of cylindrical engine bores. The inner surface of each engine bore is machined so that the surface is suitable for use in automotive applications, e.g., exhibits suitable wear resistance and strength. The machining process may include roughening the inner surface and subsequently applying a metallic coating to the roughened surface and subsequently honing the metallic coating to obtain a finished inner surface with requisite strength and wear resistance. Alternatively, a liner material having requisite strength and wear resistance characteristics may be applied to the unfinished inner surface of the engine bore.
Embodiments disclosed herein provide cutting tools and processes for roughening the inner surface of cylindrical bores, e.g., engine bores, to enhance the adhesion and bonding of a subsequently applied metallic coating, e.g., thermal spray coating, onto the inner surface. Accordingly, the finished inner surface may have enhanced strength and wear resistance.
The length of the travel area corresponds to the distance in which a piston travels within the engine bore. In some variations, the length of travel area 202 is 90 to 150 millimeters. In one variation, the length of travel area 202 is 117 millimeters. The travel area surface is manufactured to resist wear caused by piston travel. The cutting tool forms annular grooves 204 (as shown in magnified area 208 of
The pre-bored inner surface 200 also includes non-travel portions 214 and 216. These areas are outside the axial travel distance of the piston. Dimensions 218 and 220 show the length of non-travel portions 214 and 216. In some variations, the length of non-travel area 214 is 2 to 7 millimeters. In one variation, the length of non-travel area 214 is 3.5 millimeters. In some variations, the length of non-travel area 216 is 5 to 25 millimeters. In one variation, the length of non-travel area 216 is 17 millimeters. The cutting tool and the interpolating step are described in greater detail below.
In some variations, there is at least one of G1 and G2 and at least one of P. As shown in
Referring to
In the embodiment shown, the arrangement of teeth on the G1 and G2 cutting elements are dimensioned differently. Regarding G1 shown in
Referring to
Having described the structure of cutting tool 300 according to one embodiment, the following describes the use of cutting tool 300 to machine a profile into an inner surface of a cylinder bore.
In one embodiment, the aspect ratio of the diameter of the cutting tool DT to the inner diameter of the bore DB is considered. In certain variations, the inner diameter is substantially greater than the cutting tool diameter. In certain variations, the cutting tool diameter is 40 to 60 millimeters. In certain variations, the inner diameter of the cylinder bore is 70 to 150 millimeters. Given this dimensional difference, this cutting tool may be utilized with a significant variation in bore diameter. In other words, use of the cutting tools of one or more embodiments does not require separate tooling for each bore diameter.
Regarding the pre-boring step of
Regarding the interpolating step of
As described above, cutting tool 300 includes cylindrical body 302 that includes four rows of cutting elements. According to this embodiment, the axial length of the cut is 35 mm. Therefore, if the length of the travel area is 105 mm, three axial steps are used to complete the interpolating of the travel area. In other words, the axial position of the spindle is set at an upper, middle and lower position before rotating the cutting tool at each of the positions. While 4 cutting element rows are shown in one embodiment, it is understood that additional rows may be utilized. For example, 6 rows may be used to cut a similar travel area in 2 axial steps instead of 3. Further, 12 rows may be used to cut a similar travel area in 1 axial step.
Moving to
The groove cutting elements G1 and G2 remove material 504 to create peaks 506. The height of these peaks is h and the width is wp. In the non-limiting, specific example shown, wp is 150 microns. The h value is determined by the radial offset between the top of groove cutting elements G1 and G2 and the pocket cutting element P. In the non-limiting, specific example set forth above, this offset is 120 microns. Therefore, h is 120 microns. The wv value corresponds to the length of the flat valleys between groove-cutting teeth top surfaces. In the non-limiting, specific example set forth above, the valley length is 250 microns. Accordingly, wv is 250 microns. Given the rotational speed of cutting tool 300, the cutting of the pocket and annular grooves described above occurs simultaneously or essentially simultaneously, e.g., for a period of time equal to a ⅙ revolution of the cutting tool 300, if the cutting tool includes six cutting elements and adjacent elements are groove and pocket cutting elements.
Regarding the deforming step of
The swiping tool 602 is dull enough that it does not cut into the inner surface of the cylinder bore. Instead, the swiping tool 602 mechanically deforms grooves formed in the inner surface of the cylinder bore. Moving back to
The machined surface after the pocket grooving step and the swiping step has one or more advantages over other roughening processes. First, adhesion strength of the metal spray may be improved by using the swiping step instead of other secondary processes, such as diamond knurling, roller burnishing. The adhesion strength was tested using a pull test. The adhesion strength may be in the range of 40 to 70 MPa. In other variations, the adhesion strength may be 50 to 60 MPa. Compared to the adhesion strength of a diamond knurling process, the adhesion strength of swiping is at least 20% higher. Further, the Applicants have recognized that adhesion is independent of profile depth of the grooves after the first processing step. This may be advantageous for at least two reasons. The swiping tool cuts relatively lower profile depths compared to conventional processes, such as diamond knurling, roller burnishing. In certain variations, the reduction in profile depth is 30 to 40%. Accordingly, less metal spray material is necessary to fill the profile while not compromising adhesion strength. Also, any variation in the depth of the grooves does not affect the adhesion strength, which makes the swiping step more robust than conventional processes. As another benefit of one or more embodiments, the swiping tool can be operated at much higher operational speeds than other processes, such as roller burnishing.
Regarding the interpolating step of
These non-travel areas do not require a subsequent metal spray. However, a torch for metal spraying typically stays on throughout the spray process. If these non-ring travel areas are not roughened, then spray metal that is inadvertently sprayed on these areas do not adhere, causing delamination. This delamination may fall into the bore during honing and become entrapped between the honing stones and bore walls, causing unacceptable scratching. The delamination may also fall into the crank case, which would then require removal. As such, by applying the annual grooves identified herein to the non-ring travel areas, thermal spray material adheres during the spray process and mitigates contamination of the intended spray surface and the crank case. The lightly sprayed non-ring travel areas may be easily removed during subsequent honing operation.
This application is related to the application having the Ser. No. 13/461,160, filed May 1, 2012, and incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. This application is also related to the application having the Ser. No. 13/913,871, filed Jun. 10, 2013, and incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
While the best mode for carrying out the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.
Stephenson, David Alan, Bartle, Keith Raymond, Coffman, David Garrett, Whitbeck, Rodney G.
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
10493538, | Feb 15 2017 | HOFFMANN GMBH QUALITÄTSWERKZEUGE | Apparatus for processing cylinder walls of internal combustion engines |
11865628, | Aug 31 2016 | Guehring KG | Roughening tool and method for roughening a cylindrical surface |
Patent | Priority | Assignee | Title |
1384456, | |||
1432579, | |||
2314902, | |||
2451089, | |||
3031330, | |||
3114960, | |||
3283910, | |||
3324496, | |||
3759625, | |||
3833321, | |||
4248915, | Jul 05 1978 | Nuovo Pignone S.p.A. | Process for applying a thick inset of antifriction resins on a surface |
4324017, | Sep 16 1980 | HARDWARE SALES, INC | Rotary device for treating work surfaces |
4646479, | Sep 25 1981 | AEROSTRUCTURES CORPORATION, THE | Deburring method |
4751113, | Apr 01 1983 | Method and means of applying an antifouling coating on marine hulls | |
4817342, | Jul 15 1987 | ARNOLD ANDERSON VICKERY, P C | Water/abrasive propulsion chamber |
4854785, | Aug 17 1987 | Valenite, LLC | Scalloped threader cutting insert |
4967458, | Dec 31 1987 | Automotive Aftermarket Development Corporation | Process for renewing cylinder heads |
5050547, | Jul 03 1989 | Sanshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cylinder sleeve for engine |
5107967, | Jul 06 1989 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Motor disc brake system |
5194304, | Jul 07 1992 | FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC A MICHIGAN CORPORATION | Thermally spraying metal/solid libricant composites using wire feedstock |
5212738, | Apr 12 1991 | SPECIALTY MINERALS MICHIGAN INC | Scanning laser measurement system |
5239955, | Jan 07 1993 | KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION; Kansas State University Institute for Commercialization | Low friction reciprocating piston assembly |
5332422, | Jul 06 1993 | KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION; Kansas State University Institute for Commercialization | Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system |
5363821, | Jul 06 1993 | National Institute for Strategic Technology Acquisition and Commercialization | Thermoset polymer/solid lubricant coating system |
5380564, | Apr 28 1992 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High pressure water jet method of blasting low density metallic surfaces |
5455078, | Mar 26 1993 | Fuji Oozx Inc. | Method of roughening and coating the contact surface of a valve lifter |
5466906, | Apr 08 1994 | FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC A MICHIGAN CORPORATION | Process for coating automotive engine cylinders |
5480497, | Sep 28 1994 | FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC A MICHIGAN CORPORATION | High speed electrical discharge surface preparation internal surfaces for thermal coatings |
5481084, | Jan 11 1993 | Alcoa Inc | Method for treating a surface such as a metal surface and producing products embodying such including lithoplate |
5549425, | Jun 29 1994 | Valenite, LLC | Indexable threading insert with pressed-in chip breaker |
5622753, | Apr 08 1996 | Ford Motor Company | Method of preparing and coating aluminum bore surfaces |
5648122, | Sep 28 1994 | KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION; Kansas State University Institute for Commercialization | Using electrical discharge surface preparation for thermal coatings |
5691004, | Jul 11 1996 | KSU INSTITUTE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION; Kansas State University Institute for Commercialization | Method of treating light metal cylinder bore walls to receive thermal sprayed metal coatings |
5723187, | Jun 21 1996 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc | Method of bonding thermally sprayed coating to non-roughened aluminum surfaces |
5818006, | Dec 07 1995 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc | Surface preparation electrical discharge apparatus and method |
5820938, | Mar 31 1997 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc | Coating parent bore metal of engine blocks |
5922412, | Mar 26 1998 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc | Method of eliminating unevenness in pass-reversal thermal spraying |
5931038, | Feb 25 1997 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of machining bore surface of cylinder block and apparatus therefor |
5958520, | Jul 13 1998 | FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC , A MICHIGAN CORPORATION | Method of staggering reversal of thermal spray inside a cylinder bore |
5958521, | Jun 21 1996 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc | Method of depositing a thermally sprayed coating that is graded between being machinable and being wear resistant |
5997286, | Sep 11 1997 | Ford Motor Company; Indugas, Inc. | Thermal treating apparatus and process |
6328026, | Oct 13 1999 | The University of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for increasing wear resistance in an engine cylinder bore and improved automotive engine |
6395090, | Aug 16 1999 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Masking for engine blocks for thermally sprayed coatings |
6441619, | Jul 28 2000 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Remaining charge detection device for power storage unit |
6589605, | Aug 16 1999 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Masking for engine blocks for thermally sprayed coatings and method of masking same |
6622685, | Nov 16 2000 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Prespray processed cylinder inside and cylinder inside prespray processing method |
6856866, | Dec 04 2000 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.; Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for controlling hybrid electric vehicle |
6863931, | Dec 03 2001 | NISSAN MOTOR CO , LTD | Manufacturing method of product having sprayed coating film |
6914210, | Oct 30 2002 | General Electric Company; General Electric Co | Method of repairing a stationary shroud of a gas turbine engine using plasma transferred arc welding |
7089662, | Sep 03 1998 | Daimler AG | Method for surface treatment of the interiors of engine cylinder bores, and cylinders made by said method |
7165430, | Mar 03 2004 | MAKINO, INC | Method and apparatus for patterning of bore surfaces |
7172787, | Jun 13 2001 | MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS, LTD | Method of repairing a Ni-base alloy part |
7188416, | Feb 05 2003 | Brunswick Corporation | Restoration process for porosity defects in high pressure die cast engine blocks |
7220458, | Sep 19 2003 | Los Alamos National Security, LLC | Spray shadowing for stress relief and mechanical locking in thick protective coatings |
7415958, | Aug 06 2004 | Daimler AG | Process for processing cylinder crankcases having sprayed cylinder barrels |
7533657, | Aug 11 2004 | Komatsu Ltd | Open/close controller of intake and exhaust communication circuit |
7568273, | Dec 10 2004 | NISSAN MOTOR CO , LTD | Surface roughening method |
7607209, | Dec 10 2004 | NISSAN MOTOR CO , LTD | Surface roughening methods using cutting tools |
7621250, | Dec 10 2004 | NISSAN MOTOR CO , LTD | Cutting tools and roughened articles using surface roughening methods |
7758910, | Apr 29 2005 | National Research Council of Canada | Method of on-line thickness measurement of applied coatings |
7851046, | Mar 07 2006 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical internal surface with thermally spray coating |
7862404, | Jun 23 2006 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Micro-concave portion machining method |
7982435, | Aug 27 2007 | Denso Corporation | Battery charging and discharging control apparatus |
8103485, | Nov 11 2004 | LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD | State and parameter estimation for an electrochemical cell |
8171910, | Sep 05 2008 | Subaru Corporation | Cylinder liner, cylinder block and process for the preparation of cylinder liner |
8209831, | Feb 02 2006 | Daimler AG | Surface conditioning for thermal spray layers |
8286468, | Mar 07 2006 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical internal surface processing apparatus |
833261, | |||
8707541, | Jun 25 2009 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Process for roughening metal surfaces |
8726874, | May 01 2012 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Cylinder bore with selective surface treatment and method of making the same |
8752256, | Apr 21 2008 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Method for preparing a surface for applying a thermally sprayed layer |
8833331, | Feb 02 2012 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Repaired engine block and repair method |
9109276, | Feb 10 2006 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical internal surface processing method |
20010018010, | |||
20030010201, | |||
20030052650, | |||
20040065290, | |||
20040079556, | |||
20050064146, | |||
20050084341, | |||
20050137829, | |||
20060021809, | |||
20060100833, | |||
20070000129, | |||
20070012177, | |||
20070078521, | |||
20080244891, | |||
20080245226, | |||
20080252412, | |||
20080260958, | |||
20090031564, | |||
20090058366, | |||
20090175571, | |||
20100031799, | |||
20100101526, | |||
20100139607, | |||
20100316798, | |||
20100326270, | |||
20110000085, | |||
20110023777, | |||
20110030663, | |||
20110297118, | |||
20120018407, | |||
20120321405, | |||
20130047947, | |||
20130108384, | |||
20130199490, | |||
20130287506, | |||
20140248968, | |||
20140364042, | |||
20150107076, | |||
20150292432, | |||
CN101033533, | |||
DE102005055984, | |||
DE102006045275, | |||
DE102006057641, | |||
DE102008022225, | |||
DE102008024313, | |||
DE102008058452, | |||
DE102009008741, | |||
DE102010014689, | |||
DE102010052735, | |||
DE102010053327, | |||
DE10316919, | |||
DE19508687, | |||
DE19919024, | |||
DE4411296, | |||
DE4447514, | |||
DE60131096, | |||
EP716158, | |||
EP816527, | |||
EP903422, | |||
EP919715, | |||
EP1408134, | |||
EP1416063, | |||
EP1504833, | |||
EP1559807, | |||
EP1854903, | |||
EP1967601, | |||
FR1354895, | |||
GB1015036, | |||
GB631362, | |||
JP1246352, | |||
JP2001245457, | |||
JP2005336556, | |||
JP2006083826, | |||
JP2006097045, | |||
JP2006097046, | |||
JP2007277607, | |||
JP2010209454, | |||
JP2010275898, | |||
JP61163260, | |||
JP8111582, | |||
RU2297314, | |||
SU1310181, | |||
WO33789, | |||
WO37789, | |||
WO240850, | |||
WO20050273425, | |||
WO2005404446, | |||
WO2006040746, | |||
WO2006061710, | |||
WO2007007821, | |||
WO2007087989, | |||
WO2008034419, | |||
WO2010015229, | |||
WO2011161346, | |||
WO2015124841, |
Executed on | Assignor | Assignee | Conveyance | Frame | Reel | Doc |
May 28 2013 | WHITBECK, RODNEY G | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 030583 | /0576 | |
May 28 2013 | STEPHENSON, DAVID ALAN | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 030583 | /0576 | |
May 28 2013 | BARTLE, KEITH RAYMOND | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 030583 | /0576 | |
May 28 2013 | COFFMAN, DAVID GARRETT | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 030583 | /0576 | |
Jun 10 2013 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | (assignment on the face of the patent) | / |
Date | Maintenance Fee Events |
May 20 2020 | M1551: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 4th Year, Large Entity. |
May 10 2024 | M1552: Payment of Maintenance Fee, 8th Year, Large Entity. |
Date | Maintenance Schedule |
Dec 06 2019 | 4 years fee payment window open |
Jun 06 2020 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Dec 06 2020 | patent expiry (for year 4) |
Dec 06 2022 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 4) |
Dec 06 2023 | 8 years fee payment window open |
Jun 06 2024 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Dec 06 2024 | patent expiry (for year 8) |
Dec 06 2026 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 8) |
Dec 06 2027 | 12 years fee payment window open |
Jun 06 2028 | 6 months grace period start (w surcharge) |
Dec 06 2028 | patent expiry (for year 12) |
Dec 06 2030 | 2 years to revive unintentionally abandoned end. (for year 12) |