A system for abating waste methane includes a catalytic combustor device configured to catalytically combust waste-associated methane emissions generated by waste in a waste container, where the catalytic combustion is based on a reaction of the methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat. The system further includes a combustion sensor configured to generate combustion data based on the catalytic combustion, a transmitter, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to control operation of the catalytic combustor device, determine an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, where the amount of methane abated is based on the combustion data, and report, via the transmitter, the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device.
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12. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations for abating methane derived from waste, the operations comprising:
controlling operation of a catalytic combustor device to:
receive, by the catalytic combustor device, methane emissions derived from waste in a waste container; and
control a heating element of the catalytic combustor device to initiate catalytic combustion of the received methane emissions, wherein the catalytic combustion includes a reaction of the received methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat;
receiving, from a combustion sensor configured to sense parameters of the catalytic combustion, combustion data based on the catalytic combustion of the methane emissions received by the catalytic combustor device, wherein the combustion data is indicative of an energy released by the catalytic combustion;
determining an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, wherein the amount of methane abated is based on the energy released by the catalytic combustion;
transmitting, with a transmitter of the catalytic combustor device, the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device to an external device; and
controlling, with a processing circuit of the catalytic combustor device, the heating element to alter a temperature of the catalyst based on the combustion data and a price of an emission credit related to methane abatement, the price of the emission credit received by the processing circuit, the processing circuit configured to receive the price of the emission credit via a receiver.
1. A method of abating methane derived from waste in a system including a catalytic combustor device, the method comprising:
receiving methane emissions by a catalytic combustor device, wherein the methane emissions are derived from waste in a waste container;
sensing, with a methane sensor of the catalytic combustor device, the methane emissions received by the catalytic combustor device;
controlling, with a processing circuit of the catalytic combustor device, a heating element of the catalytic combustor device to initiate catalytic combustion of the received methane emissions, wherein the catalytic combustion includes a reaction of the received methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat;
generating, with a combustion sensor of the catalytic combustor device, combustion data based on the catalytic combustion of the methane emissions received by the catalytic combustor device, wherein the combustion sensor is configured to sense a parameter of the catalytic combustion, and wherein the combustion data is indicative of an energy released by the catalytic combustion;
determining, by the processing circuit of the catalytic combustor device, an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, wherein the amount of methane abated is based on the energy released by the catalytic combustion;
transmitting, with a transmitter of the catalytic combustor device, the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device to an external device; and
controlling, with the processing circuit of the catalytic combustor device, the heating element to alter a temperature of the catalyst based on the combustion data and a price of an emission credit related to methane abatement, the price of the emission credit received by the processing circuit, the processing circuit configured to receive the price of the emission credit via a receiver.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
generating with a product sensor separate from the combustion sensor, product data indicative of a product of the catalytic combustion of the methane emissions and the catalyst;
determining, by the processing circuit of the catalytic combustor device, a presence of the product and an amount and a type of the product based on the product data, wherein the type of the product includes at least one of carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, oxygen, or unabated methane, and wherein the unabated methane is present due to incomplete combustion of the methane emissions; and
reporting, by the transmitter of the catalytic combustor device, the amount and the type of the product.
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
generating with a product sensor separate from the combustion sensor, product data indicative of a product of the catalytic combustion of the methane emissions and the catalyst;
determining a presence of the product and an amount and a type of the product based on the product data, wherein the type of the product includes at least one of carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, oxygen, or unabated methane, and wherein the unabated methane is present due to incomplete combustion of the methane emissions; and
reporting, with a transmitter of the catalytic combustor device, the amount and the type of the product.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of
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This application is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 12/927,315, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,673,219, titled “Nasal passage insertion device for treatment of ruminant exhalations,” filed Nov. 10, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Methane is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas emitted in the United States. In general, by weight, methane is also a more potent greenhouse gas than other greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide. Methane is generated through both natural and human activities, including sources such as fossil fuel extraction, wetlands emissions, leakage from natural gas systems, waste and landfill systems, and livestock waste. Due to human activities, methane concentrations have increased largely during the 20th century and are now more than double pre-industrial levels.
One embodiment relates to a system for abating waste methane includes a catalytic combustor device configured to catalytically combust waste-associated methane emissions generated by waste in a waste container, where the catalytic combustion is based on a reaction of the methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat. The system further includes a combustion sensor configured to generate combustion data based on the catalytic combustion, a transmitter, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to control operation of the catalytic combustor device, determine an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, where the amount of methane abated is based on the combustion data, and report, via the transmitter, the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device.
Another embodiment relates to a method of abating waste methane. The method includes controlling, with a processing circuit, operation of a catalytic combustor device, and catalytically combusting, with the catalytic combustor device, waste-associated methane emissions, wherein the waste-associated methane emissions are generated by waste in a waste container, and wherein the catalytic combustion is based on a reaction of the methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat. The method further includes generating, with a combustion sensor, combustion data based on the catalytic combustion by the catalytic combustor device. The method further includes determining an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, where the amount of methane abated is based on the combustion data, and reporting the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device.
Another embodiment relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a computing device cause the computing device to perform operations for abating waste methane. The operations include controlling operation of a catalytic combustor device, and catalytically combusting, by the catalytic combustor device, waste-associated methane emissions, where the waste-associated methane emissions are generated by waste in a waste container, and where the catalytic combustion is based on a reaction of the methane emissions and a catalyst of the catalytic combustor device in the presence of heat. The operations further include receiving, from a combustion sensor, combustion data based on the catalytic combustion by the catalytic combustor device. The operations further include determining an amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device, where the amount of methane abated is based on the combustion data, and reporting the amount of methane abated by the catalytic combustor device.
The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here.
Referring generally to the figures, various embodiments of systems and methods for abating waste methane are shown and described. Human waste generates substantial amounts of waste associated methane. For example, waste-associated methane may be released from sewer systems, septic tanks, toilets, etc. Because methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, facilities often burn excess methane rather than release the methane into the atmosphere. For example, an operator of a landfill often burns the methane emitted from the landfill. Although carbon dioxide is generated and released as a result of burning off the methane, the tradeoff of not receiving a costly methane release penalty from a governing body may make such a practice worthwhile for an operator. Typically, burning emitted methane in this manner is not viable as the scale of an operation gets smaller.
According to various embodiments, catalytic combustor device is utilized as an alternative to safely eliminate waste methane emissions from sewer systems, septic tanks, and toilets, via catalytic combustion. A processing circuit may be used to control operation of the catalytic combustor device and record data related to methane abated by the device. For example, the processing circuit may enable or disable the device, or may control a heating element of the catalytic combustor device such that a proper temperature is reached to allow a catalyst of the device to drive a desired oxidation reaction of the waste methane. The processing circuit may interface with various combustion related sensor devices (a methane sensor, an oxygen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, and energy sensor, etc.) to generate reporting data based on the catalytic combustion of the methane by the device. For example, the processing circuit may determine an amount of methane abated, a global warming abatement value, a carbon offset amount, an emission credit, etc. The processing circuit can store this data and transmit the report values (via a transmitter) to an external device. Various incentives may be offered (e.g., by the federal or local government, etc.) based on the reported methane abatement data in order to entice people to use a catalytic combustor device as described herein, and thereby reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Referring to
Catalytic combustor device 102 further includes sensor devices (methane sensor 104, product sensor 106, and/or energy sensor 107) configured to generate data related to the reagents and products related to the catalytic combustion of methane. For example, methane sensor 104 includes one or more components configured to detect the presence of methane gas in an atmosphere. Methane sensor 104 may also include components configured to detect other atmospheric constituents (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.). Methane sensor 104 may also be configured to directly provide data related to a flow rate of a gas (e.g., waste associated methane emissions) flowing into catalytic combustor device 102. Alternatively, processing circuit 108 may calculate a flow rate from methane data provided by methane sensor 104. Product sensor 106 includes components configured to detect various products of the catalytic combustion of methane. For example, product sensor 106 may include one or more sensor components configured to detect water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen, methane, etc. Product sensor 106 may also be configured to directly provide data related to a flow of a product exiting catalytic combustor device 102. Alternatively, processing circuit 108 may calculate a flow rate from product data provided by product sensor 106. Energy sensor 107 includes components configured to detect energy released by the catalytic combustion of methane. Alternatively, processing circuit 108 may calculate a flow rate from energy data provided by energy sensor 107. Methane sensor 104, product sensor 106, and/or energy sensor 107 may be integrated into catalytic combustor device 102 or may be separate sensor devices.
Processing circuit 108 is further included in system 100 and includes processing components configured to interface with the various components of system 100 and to control operation of catalytic combustor device 102. Processing circuit 108 may record data provided by methane sensor 104, product sensor 106, and/or energy sensor 107, and maintain metrics related to the data. Processing circuit 108 may generate various methane abatement values and report the data via transmitter 110. Transmitter 110 includes components necessary to transmit data (e.g., methane abatement amounts, product amounts, greenhouse gas credits, configuration data, etc.) as provided by processing circuit 108. For example, transmitter 110 may include a radiofrequency transmitter. As another example, transmitter 110 may include a transmitter configured to send data via a wired connection (e.g., a serial port, etc.). As another example, transmitter 110 may be configured to deliver data to a removable memory device (e.g., USB drive, SD card, etc.). Receiver 112 includes components necessary to receive control signals (program instructions, parameters, or data) for use by processing circuit 108. For example, receiver 112 may include a radiofrequency receiver. As another example, receiver 112 may include a receiver configured to receive signals via a wired connection (e.g., a serial port, etc.). As another example, receiver 112 may be configured to receive signals from an externally supplied memory device (e.g., USB drive, SD card, etc.).
Referring to
According to one embodiment, processing circuit 200 includes processor 206. Processor 206 may be implemented as a general-purpose processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), a digital-signal-processor (DSP), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. Processing circuit 200 also includes memory 208. Memory 208 includes one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash Memory, hard disk storage, etc.) for storing data and/or computer code for facilitating the various processes described herein. Memory 208 may be or include non-transient volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Memory 208 may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described herein. Memory 208 may be communicably connected to processor 206 and provide computer code or instructions to processor 206 for executing the processes described herein (e.g., the processes shown in
Memory 208 further includes configuration data 212. Configuration data 212 includes data related to processing circuit 200. For example, configuration data 212 may include information related to interfacing with other components (e.g., sensors, a transmitter, a combustor device, etc.). This may also include the command set needed to interface with a computer system used configure a system having processing circuit 200. Based on data stored in configuration data 212, processing circuit 200 may format data for output via output 204, which may include formatting data for transmission via a transmitter, etc. For example, processing circuit 200 may format a report related to methane abatement into packets for transmission according to a networking protocol. Processing circuit 200 may also format data for transmission according to any additional protocols as specified by configuration data 212. Configuration data 212 may further include information as to how often input should be accepted from a sensor device. Configuration data 212 may include default values required to initiate communication with an external device (e.g., a remote computer, etc.) and with a sensor, a combustor, a transmitter, and any components of the system having processing circuit 200. Configuration data 212 further includes data to configure communication between the various components of processing circuit 200.
Memory 208 further includes control module 214. Control module 214 is configured to receive sensor data from a sensor device (e.g., methane sensor 104, product sensor 106, etc.), configuration information, and other data as provided by processing circuit 200. Control module 214 generates signals to cause a combustor (e.g., catalytic combustor device 102) to catalytically combust waste methane. Control module 214 monitors data provided by the sensor devices to record values related to the oxidation of the methane during catalytic combustion. Control module 214 generates reports and metrics, formats data for transmission, and causes data to be transmitted via a transmitter.
In one embodiment, a catalytic combustion device (e.g., system 100) including processing circuit 200 is configured to be mounted above a waste container. For example, the waste container can be a septic tank, a sewer, or a toilet, etc. The device may be mounted near or directly above an exhaust of the waste container and is configured to catalytically combust methane emissions in the atmosphere above/near of the waste container. In another embodiment, the device is coupled to the exhaust of the waste container. For example, the exhaust of the waste container may include an exhaust fan/ventilation system, or a vent tube that is connected directly to the device. Alternatively, the device may be integrated into exhaust systems of the waste container. In another embodiment, the device is configured to be enclosed in the atmosphere of the waste container (e.g., mounted within a septic tank or sewer, etc.). Control module 214 controls the operation of the catalytic combustion device. For example, control module may enable/initiate combustion when control module 214 detects a certain concentration of methane. In one embodiment, control module 214 enables combustion when any methane is detected to be flowing into the device, and combustion may continue until methane is no longer flowing (or is no longer of a concentration such that the oxidation reaction of catalytic combustion occurs). Control module 214 may also enable and disable the catalytic combustion device based on data from a methane sensor or a product sensor of the device. In another embodiment, control module 214 enables/disables combustion according to a schedule (and an availability of methane to catalytically combust). For example, control module 214 may enable the device for a certain time period per day as specified by configuration data 212, and the device may catalytically combust methane as long as methane emissions are present when the device is enabled. The schedule of operation may be also provided and customized by data received through a receiver of the device (e.g., receiver 112).
In one embodiment, control module 214 is configured to record data related to catalytic combustion of the waste methane by the device. The recorded data is based on data provided by the sensors (e.g., methane sensor 104, product sensor 106, and energy sensor 107) of the device. Control module 214 may determine various metrics based on the recorded data. In one embodiment, control module 214 determines the amount of methane removed (i.e. abated) as a result of catalytic combustion of the methane by the device. The amount of methane removed may be calculated by control module 214 in a variety of ways. For example, control module 214 may determine a methane concentration before catalytic combustion occurs, and compare that value to a concentration of methane after catalytic combustion has occurred for a certain period of time. Based on the concentration difference, control module 214 can calculate the amount of methane abated. As another example, control module 214 may determine an amount of energy released during operation by analyzing energy data from energy sensor 107 (i.e. heat generated) and calculating the amount of methane abated based on the energy released during catalytic combustion. As another example, control module 214 may determine an amount and type of a product of the oxidation reaction of waste methane during catalytic combustion. Control module 214 may then calculate the amount of methane abated by analyzing the amount and type of products produced during catalytic combustion. Control module 214 may calculate a relative amount of methane abatement by comparing the amount of methane abated to the amount of methane detected by methane sensor 104. Control module 214 may store any of the data described herein to maintain a history of the device's operation.
In one embodiment, control module 214 generates reports based on the data recorded by control module 214. Control module 214 may transmit the reports with a transmitter (e.g., transmitter 110) of the device. For example, upon completion of combustion, control module 214 may transmit a report including the amount of methane abated during the most operating cycle. As another example, control module 214 may transmit a report according to a schedule (e.g., a daily, weekly, or monthly report may be transmitted). As another example, control module 214 may transmit a report according to an amount of methane abated (e.g., for each 10 kg of abated methane). As another example, control module 214 may transmit a report on demand or in response to a report request received via the transmitter. Such reports may also include a running total amount of methane abated by the device. Such reports may also include specific details or totals relating to the catalytic combustion process. For example, a report may include a type and amount of a product of the oxidation reaction of the waste methane. A report may include a running time of combustion and an efficiency value related to the catalyst of the device. In one embodiment, a report includes an amount of carbon dioxide produced during a period of catalytic combustion. In another embodiment, a report includes an amount of oxygen during a period of catalytic combustion. In another embodiment, a report includes an amount of water produced during a period of catalytic combustion. In another embodiment, a report includes an amount of carbon monoxide produce during a period of catalytic combustion. The amounts and types of products may also depend on a type of catalyst in use by the device.
In one embodiment, control module 214 determines analytical values based on catalytic combustion of waste methane emissions by the device. The values may be included in any reports generated and transmitted by control module 214. In one embodiment, control module 214 determines a global warming abatement amount, including a measure of how much the device has contributed to abatement of methane in general. The global warming abatement amount can include a net abatement amount, incorporating both the effects of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor) added by the combustion as well as the effects of those removed (e.g., methane). These contributions can include both the amounts of the products, their warming effects, their atmospheric residence times, etc. The global warming abatement amount may be with respect to global, national, or local abatement/methane emission levels. In another embodiment, control module 214 determines a greenhouse gas emission value based on the type and amount of a product of the catalytic combustion of the methane, and the amount of methane removed. In another embodiment, control module 214 calculates an emission credit based on an amount of methane abated by the device. This may be based on federal, state, or local governmental guidelines, or may be based on an abatement incentive program. In another embodiment, control module 214 determines a carbon offset based on operation of the device. Alternatively, a third party (e.g., a governing body) may use the data recorded and reported by control module 214 to calculate any of the metrics and values discussed herein.
In one embodiment, control module 214 controls operation of the device based on an amount of methane removed by the device. For example, a target abatement amount may be established (e.g., transmitted to the device, stored in configuration data 212, etc.) and control module 214 may allow the device to operate (e.g., catalytically combust methane) while the device's abatement amount is less than the target abatement amount. Upon reaching the target, control module 214 may disable the device until a new target is received or a different operating mode is selected. An abatement target amount may include an amount of methane to be abated per day, week, and/or month, etc. An abatement target may also include a schedule of target amounts, with varying target amounts as specified by the schedule. In one embodiment, control module 214 changes an operational mode of the device based on the abatement target. For example, control module 214 may allow the device to operate at a maximum combustion rate prior to reaching a target, and may cause the device to operate a reduced rate after the abatement target has been reached. Control module 214 may adjust a combustion rate by altering the flow of methane into the device (e.g., via an electronically controlled valve, etc.) or by altering the temperature of the catalyst (e.g., via controlling a heat element as discussed above). In another embodiment, control module 214 controls the operation of the device based on a price of an emission credit related to methane abatement. For example, a government or organization may offer various incentives if certain levels of methane are abated. The device may receive these emission credit prices via the receiver, and control module 214 may enable/disable/change operational modes of the device and control operation of the device in response to credit prices or incentives for such abatement.
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The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods as shown in the various embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure contemplates methods, systems and program products on any machine-readable media for accomplishing various operations. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computer processor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or another purpose, or by a hardwired system. Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions.
Although the figures may show a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Kare, Jordin T., Wood, Jr., Lowell L., Hyde, Roderick A.
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| Feb 28 2014 | HYDE, RODERICK A | Elwha LLC | ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS | 033413 | /0362 | |
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