A smoke detecting chamber for use in a light-scattering type smoke detector is provided which includes a chamber cover that forms one side of the smoke detecting chamber. The chamber cover includes a plurality of first baffles that prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber. The smoke detector further includes a chamber base that forms another side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber base including a plurality of second baffles that intermesh with the first baffles when the smoke detecting chamber is formed.
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12. A smoke detecting chamber for use in a light-scattering type smoke detector, comprising:
a chamber cover forming one side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber cover including a plurality of first baffles that prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber; and a chamber base forming another side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber base including a plurality of second baffles that vertically intermesh with the first baffles when the smoke detecting chamber is formed when the base and cover are slightly misaligned or do not substantially conform to one another.
22. A smoke detecting chamber for use in a light-scattering type smoke detector, comprising:
a chamber cover forming one side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber cover including first means for preventing external light from entering the smoke chamber; and a chamber base forming another side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber base including second means that vertically intermesh with the first means when the smoke detecting chamber is formed for preventing external light from entering the smoke chamber to prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber when the base and cover are slightly misaligned or do not substantially conform to one another.
23. A method of preventing light from entering a smoke detecting chamber for use in a light-scattering type smoke detector, comprising:
forming one side of the smoke detecting chamber with a chamber cover, the chamber cover including a plurality of first baffles that prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber; and forming another side of the smoke detecting chamber with a chamber base, the chamber base including a plurality of second baffles that vertically intermesh with the first baffles when the smoke detecting chamber is formed to prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber when the base and cover are slightly misaligned or do not substantially conform to one another.
1. A smoke detector, comprising:
a printed circuit board having a first side and a second side; electronic components positioned on the first side of the board; a can for isolating the electronic components from external radio frequency emissions, the can being disposed on the first side of the board; a smoke detecting chamber formed by a chamber cover and a chamber base, the smoke detecting chamber being positioned on the second side of the board, the chamber base including an annular ramp; an optical bench disposed between the second side of the board and the smoke detecting chamber; an emitting device held by the optical bench that emits radiation into the smoke chamber; and a sensing device held by the optical bench that senses radiation from the emitting device when smoke fills the smoke detecting chamber.
20. A smoke detector, comprising:
a printed circuit board having a first side and a second side; electronic components positioned on the first side of the board; a can for isolating the electronic components from external radio frequency emissions, the can being disposed on the first side of the board; a smoke detecting chamber formed by a chamber cover and a chamber base, the smoke detecting chamber being positioned on the second side of the board, the chamber cover including a plurality of first baffles that prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber, the chamber base including a plurality of second baffles that intermesh vertically with the first baffles when the smoke detecting chamber is formed to prevent entry of ambient light into the smoke chamber when the base and cover are slightly misaligned or do not substantially conform to one another; an optical bench disposed between the second side of the board and the smoke detecting chamber; an emitting device held by the optical bench that emits radiation into the smoke chamber; and a sensing device held by the optical bench that senses radiation from the emitting device when smoke fills the smoke detecting chamber.
2. The detector of
3. The detector of
4. The detector of
7. The detector of
8. The detector of
9. The detector of
10. The detector of
15. The chamber of
18. The chamber of
19. The chamber of
21. The detector of
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In a typical light-scattering smoke detector, infrared rays are emitted into a smoke detecting chamber. When smoke enters the smoke chamber, the infrared rays are scattered by the smoke and detected by a light receiving device, such as a photodiode. It is preferable to have a compact smoke detector for aesthetic reasons, so as not to prominently protrude, for example, from a building ceiling.
It is important that the smoke chamber have a large enough opening for allowing smoke to easily flow therein, while excluding ambient light which can initiate nuisance alarms.
Numerous designs have been previously proposed to accomplish the foregoing, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,315,158 to Kakigi et al. and 5,670,947 to Nagashima. Typical designs include a series of labyrinth members which form the wall around the smoke chamber and which allow the smoke into the chamber while excluding ambient light.
Prior art light-scattering smoke detectors have failed to provide a relatively compact smoke chamber which excludes ambient light even when the components that form the smoke chamber are slightly misaligned. Accordingly, a smoke detecting chamber for use in a light-scattering type smoke detector is provided which includes a chamber cover that forms one side of the smoke detecting chamber. The chamber cover includes a plurality of first baffles that prevent external light from entering the smoke chamber. The smoke detector further includes a chamber base that forms another side of the smoke detecting chamber, the chamber base including a plurality of second baffles that intermesh with the first baffles when the smoke detecting chamber is formed.
A smoke detector is also provided which includes a printed circuit board having a first side and a second side with electronic components positioned on the first side of the board. A can for isolating the electronic components from external radio frequency emissions covers the electronic components on the first side of the board. A smoke detecting chamber is formed on the second side of the board by a chamber cover and a chamber base. An optical bench is disposed between the second side of the board and the smoke detecting chamber. The optical bench holds an emitting device, that emits radiation into the smoke chamber, and a sensing device that senses radiation from the emitting device when smoke fills the smoke detecting chamber.
In alternative embodiments, a smoke detector is provided which includes a printed circuit board having a first side and a second side. A smoke detecting chamber, which can be formed with a chamber cover and a chamber base, is positioned on the second side of the board. An emitting device is configured to emit radiation into the smoke chamber. A sensing device, positioned on the first side of the board, senses radiation from the emitting device when smoke fills the smoke detecting chamber. The smoke detector further includes a lens, combined with a reflecting element such as a prism, that redirects radiation through an aperture in the board to the sensing device. An optical bench preferably holds the emitting device and the lens.
In another embodiment, a smoke detector is provided which includes a smoke detecting chamber, an emitting device that emits radiation into the smoke chamber, and a sensing device that senses radiation from the emitting device when smoke fills the smoke detecting chamber. A first reflecting surface is provided in the smoke detecting chamber wherein at least a portion of the reflecting surface is directly impinged by the radiation from the emitting device. A second reflecting surface in the smoke detecting chamber is configured to reflect radiation reflected by the first reflecting surface toward the sensing device. The reflectors provide a clean air background signal.
Preferably, the smoke chamber is formed by a chamber cover and a chamber base and the first and second reflecting surfaces extend from the chamber cover. The emitting device and the sensing device include optical axes which preferably intersect in the range of between about 30 and 40 degrees, preferably about 37.5 degrees.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
A description of preferred embodiments of the invention follows.
As illustrated in
The chamber cover 12 preferably snap-fits onto the chamber base 14. In one embodiment, the chamber cover 12 includes a first retaining member 22 and a second retaining member 24 (
In one embodiment, the projection 26 includes a signaling device, such as an LED, which is exposed through an aperture 27 to signal that the detector 10 is on. The projection 28 can include a measuring device, such as a thermistor, to measure ambient temperature. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, the detector 10 signals an alarm condition. The signaling device and the measuring device are included in the respective projections 26, 28 to conserve valuable space in the detector 10.
A bug screen 34 is disposed between the chamber cover 12 and the chamber base 14 to keep insects and the like out of the smoke chamber. As illustrated in
The chamber cover 12 preferably includes a plurality of circumferential grooves 40 for controlling propagation of stray external light that may enter the chamber and radiation emitted from the emitting device 16. In one embodiment, faces 42 of grooves 40 are angled approximately 30 degrees relative to a chamber axis A--A (see FIG. 2). The other face of each groove 40 is parallel to the chamber axis. Propagation of stray light can also be controlled by specifying the reflectance (IR and visible) and surface texture of the detector 10 components, such as the chamber cover 12 and chamber base 14.
The chamber base 14 includes an annular ramp 44 which serves to provide additional volume for the electronic components which are positioned underneath. The ramp 44 can also facilitate the entry path of the smoke into the smoke chamber. More particularly, the ramp 44 provides a slope which allows the smoke to travel towards the smoke chamber. In one embodiment, the baffles 20 conform to the annular ramp 44.
The chamber base 14 also includes a plurality of ridges or baffles 46 that intermesh with the baffles 20 of the chamber cover 12 when the smoke chamber is formed. This arrangement prevents entry of ambient light even when the chamber cover 12 and chamber base 14 are slightly misaligned or do not substantially conform to one another. In one embodiment, there are a total of fifteen baffles 46.
In one embodiment, the emitting device 16 and the sensing device 18 are positioned below the chamber base 14. In one embodiment, the chamber base 14 has apertures 48 therethrough which allow the emitting and sensing devices 16, 18 to communicate with the smoke chamber. The emitting device 16 and the sensing device 18 are held in position by a metering structure or optical bench 50. The optical bench 50 fixes the position and alignment of the emitting device 16 and sensing device. In one embodiment, the angle between the optical axes of the devices 16, 18 is 45 degrees, resulting in a scattering angle of 45 degrees.
In one embodiment, the chamber base 14 has integrally molded snaps 52 (
A printed circuit board 54 is provided below the optical bench 50. In one embodiment, electronics of the smoke detector 10 are positioned on the side of the board 54 away from the smoke chamber. The top side of the board 54 is a ground plane that forms one side of a Faraday cage while an RF can 56 positioned underneath the board as shown in
As illustrated in
The stack up configuration as illustrated in
In one embodiment, the projections 26, 28 are asymmetrically positioned on the chamber base 14 to facilitate proper positioning of the chamber cover 12 on the chamber base. More specifically, if the chamber cover 12 is snap-fit onto the chamber base 14 in the wrong orientation, the unit will not fit into the cage assembly 74.
In an alternative embodiment as illustrated in
A first reflecting surface 78 and a second reflecting surface 80 are provided within the smoke chamber for maintaining a "clean air value" within a predetermined range. More specifically, the sensing device 18 senses a given value during non-smoke conditions, which can be referred to as a clean air value. It is desirable to control this clean air value or background level to preserve the dynamic range of the smoke detection function and the dynamic range of the supervisory functions which monitor the electronics.
Preferably, the reflecting surfaces 78 and 80 extend from the chamber cover 12. Reflecting surface 78 is directly impinged by at least some radiation as illustrated by line 82 in FIG. 16. Some of the radiation reflects off of surface 78 toward surface 80, as illustrated by line 84. Some of this radiation reflects off of surface 80 along line 86 toward lens 76 and thus to the sensing device 18. In this manner, the clean air value can be maintained at a predetermined range during non-alarm conditions.
The optical axes of the emitting device 16 and the sensing device 18 intersect, as shown in
While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Prasad, Jayanthi, Brighenti, Donald D., Stanley, Lawrence G., Qualey, III, James R., Desmarais, Louis
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